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Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 Buildings and the Energy Grid : An Amazing Time of Transition David Peabody Peabody Architects David@greenhaus.org www.greenhaus.org P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R

  1. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 Buildings and the Energy Grid : An Amazing Time of Transition David Peabody Peabody Architects David@greenhaus.org www.greenhaus.org P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 1

  2. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 1970’s oil embargoes P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 2

  3. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 1980’s and 1990’s – focus on carbon P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 3

  4. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 4

  5. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 EXISTING ELECTRICAL GRID Usable power 26% AC-DC conversions(3%) Power plant losses LV Transmission (2%) 63% HV Transmission (1%) P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 5

  6. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 2000 – solar becomes an industry P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 6

  7. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 Stressors from complexity 100 years of ad hoc growth • Computerized energy trading • Stressors from climate Increased violent weather events • Neeed for greater strategic reserves • Vulnerability to attack Electromagnetic pulses (EMP’s) • Cyberattack • Terrorist bombs • Managing Renewables What is happening to the utility grid? P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 7

  8. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 Stressors from complexity 100 years of ad hoc growth • Computerized energy trading • Courtesy of NREL Stressors from climate Increased violent weather events • Neeed for greater strategic reserves • Vulnerability to attack Electromagnetic pulses (EMP’s) • Cyberattack • Terrorist bombs • Managing Renewables What is happening to the utility grid? P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 8

  9. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 75% price drop since 2012 P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 9

  10. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 Community power generation Local generation Distant generation EV & household Community power storage Efficient local inverters & transmission battery storage 2020’s: buildings as part of the grid P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 10

  11. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 EXISTING ELECTRICAL GRID Usable power 26% AC-DC conversions(3%) Power plant losses LV Transmission (2%) 63% HV Transmission (1%) P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 11

  12. LOCAL DISTRIBUTE Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 DC-AC inversion(5%) Local transmission (4%) AC-DC conversions(10%) Usable power 81% P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 12

  13. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 DC CURRENT 60-70% of household loads are already DC P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 13

  14. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 DC-AC inversion(5%) Local transmission (4%) AC-DC conversions(10%) Usable power 81% P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 14

  15. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 Local transmission (4%) DC modulation (5%) Usable power 91% P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 15

  16. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 Community power generation Local generation Distant generation EV & household Community power storage Efficient local inverters & transmission battery storage 2020’s: buildings as virtual power plants P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 16

  17. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 AVERAGE NET-ZERO CONSTRUCTION 54% of floor area required for PV PASSIVE NET-ZERO CONSTRUCTION 17% of floor area required for PV Solar required to support one storey P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 17

  18. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 AVERAGE NET-ZERO CONSTRUCTION 46% INCOME PRODUCING PASSIVE NET-ZERO CONSTRUCTION 83% INCOME PRODUCING Passive generates 2x the income P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 18

  19. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 AVERAGE NET-ZERO CONSTRUCTION 1-1/2 stories PASSIVE NET-ZERO CONSTRUCTION 6 stories Passive supports 3x the floor area P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 19

  20. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 Islandable Adaptable Resilient Arlington DC-Ready Net-Zero Home P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 20

  21. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 Inverter/ optimizer ENERGY DEMAND 13,400 KWH/YR battery ENERGY PRODUCTION 15,000 KWH/YR SOLAR ARRAY: 13 KW ENERGY STORAGE 2 - 9.8KW BATTERIES P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 21

  22. Energy and buildings Six zero energy modular pas Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 SIX ZERO ENERGY MODULAR PASSIVE HOUSES Fairmount Heights AC-DC hybrid community microgrid P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 22

  23. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 EACH HOME IS EQUIPPED WITH DC Rooftop Solar DC Energy Storage DC Load Panel for High Efficiency DC Loads AC Load Panel for Legacy AC Loads EACH HOME WILL SHARE Locally generated and stored solar energy with each other via a Direct Current (DC) Link ISLANDABLE * AFFORDABLE * RENEWABLE P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 23

  24. Energy and buildings Sierra Club of Virginia 13 October 2020 Buildings and the Energy Grid : An Amazing Time of Transition David Peabody Peabody Architects David@greenhaus.org www.greenhaus.org P E E A A B B O O D D Y Y A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T S S 24

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