ENACTING THE ACT FOR THE CITIES BY TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH Presented by Prof. Dr. Jiba Raj Pokharel
NEPAL • Nepal was a sea(part of Tethy Sea) in the millions years ago • The tectonic movement began and what was a sea transformed into the likes of mountain Everest
NEPAL Nepal is sandwiched between • India and China • It is marked by – Fragile geology – Steep terrain – Excessive monsoon rain followed by dry weather – Unplanned settlements • All these have contributed for the occurrence of disasters – Fire – Landslides – Flood – Earthquake
ENACTING THE ACT • Nepal enacted Disaster • After the earthquake of Risk Reduction Act 2015 April, the country entitled The Calamity has enacted a new act Relief Act in 1982 known as the Disaster Risk Reduction and • It was the first country Management Act in the region to have such an Act. • It however focused on Post Disaster phenomenon
National Council for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management P Chairperson O Prime Minister L I C Executive Committee Y P L Home Minister Chairman A N P N E I District Disaster Management Committee R N F G O Chief District Officer Chairman R M A Local Disaster Management Committee N Mayor Chairman C Urban /Rural Municipality E
National Council for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management a Prime Minister Chairp erson (b) Ministers of Government of Nepal looking after the portfolios of Finance, Supplies, Agricultural Members Development, Home Affairs, Physical Infrastructure and Transports, Women, Children and Social Welfare, Defense, Forests and Soil Conservation, Education, Urban Development, Irrigation, Information and Communication, Federal Affairs and Local Development (c) Leader of Opposition in the House of Representatives Member (d) Chief Ministers of all Provinces Member (e) Chief Secretary of Government of Nepal Member (f) Chief of the Army Staffs, Nepali Army Member (g) Secretary of the Ministry Member (h) Three persons including one women nominated by the Council from amongst persons having expertise in Member disaster management (i) Executive Chief Member- Secretary
Executive Committee (a) Home Minister of Government of Nepal Chairperso n (b) Ministers of Urban Development, Health and Federal Affairs and Local Development Members (c) Secretaries of Ministries of Finance; Supplies; Industry; Agricultural Development; Home Affairs; Population Members and Environment; Foreign Affairs; Physical Infrastructure; Women, Children and Social Welfare; Defense; Forest and Soil Conservation, Science and Technology, Education, Federal Affairs and Local Development, Urban Development, Irrigation, and Health (d) Secretary, Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers Member (e) Lieutenant General, Nepal Army Member (f) Chiefs of Nepal Police, Armed Police Force and of National Investigation Department Members (g) Executive Director, Nepal Rastra Bank Member (h) Chairperson, Nepal Telecommunications Authority Member (i) Member-Secretary, Social Welfare Council Member (j) Chairperson, Nepal Chamber of Commerce Member (k) Chairperson, Nepal Red Cross Society Member (l) Chairperson, Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry Member (m) Executive Chief Member- Secretary
District Disaster Management Committee (a) Chief District Officer (CDO) Chairperso n (b) Representative of the District Coordination Committee Member (c) Chairpersons and Mayors of local levels in the district Member (d) Chief of the health office at the district Member (e) Chiefs of the security agencies in the district Member (f) Heads of the offices working in infrastructure and social development Member (g) District Chiefs or representatives of nationally recognized political parties Member (h) District Chief Nepal Red Cross Society Member (i) District Chief of NGOs Federation Member (j) District Chief of Federation of Nepalese Journalists (FNJ) Member (k) District Chief of Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FNCCI) Member (l) An officer designated by the Chief District Officer Member- Secretary
TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH (Thompson et al 2017) • Transdisciplinary concepts • Conceptually, emerged at early as the transdisciplinarity aims to 1960s and ‘70s, foster meaningful knowledge co-production • Few projects have through integrative and managed to demonstrate participatory processes enduring, institutionalized • It seeks to bring together transdisciplinarity diverse actors, disciplines, (Mittelstrass, 2011; Lang and knowledge bases. et al., 2012; Brandt et al., • In practice, 2013; Weichselgartner transdisciplinarity is more and Truffer , 2015) ambiguous
TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH (Thompson et al 2017) A diverse group of actors (n= Early actors in the project • • 42) embarking on a 10-year collectively agreed with transdisciplinary research adopting transdisciplinary project focused on building approaches to natural hazard, resilience to natural hazards risk, and resilience research. and disasters in New Zealand Stakeholders, in particular, • Collectively, participants strongly agreed, and see • agreed with adopting transdisciplinary approaches transdisciplinary approaches as a way to create useful to natural hazard, risk, and solutions to societal problems resilience research, with in practice. stakeholders showing a stronger degree of agreement than scientists
ENACTING ACT FOR THE CITIES BY TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH This approach is characterized New Act Enacted in the year • • by (TSAO et al) 2018 – Legislation • The LDMC chaired by the mayor looks after the cities – Specialist Training – Hazard mapping • The LDMC has the authority – Warning – To train local level officials, – Evacuation Drill employees, volunteers, social mobilizers, and communities on disaster management – To develop and operate disaster management information system and prior warning system at the local level – To conduct and get conducted emergency mock exercises for countering disasters
FIRE • Nepal is suffering heavily through fire every year • A fire of 8 th century has been recorded in history • 18% of houses in Nepal use thatch as a roofing material (NLSS,2010) • The losses due to fire – 59 Deaths in 2013 (NDR,2015) – 1101 Deaths from 1971- 2007 (GAR, 2009)
FIRE • Very little is being done from the Government apart from distributing reliefs after the fire • Nepal Academy of Science and Technology is however promoting one fire resistant technology • The science is that this technology does not let convection to take place
DIFFERENT STAGES
TRADITIONAL TECHNOLOGIES • Sendai Framework for • DRRM Act DRR 2015-30 – Functions, duties and Power of Authority – Priority 1: Understanding Disaster Risk • To conduct or cause to be conducted studies and • (i) Ensure the use of researches on modern and traditional, indigenous and traditional technologies local knowledge and including geo-science, practices ・・・・・ seismology, hydrology and meteorology, geographical information system, remote-sensing system, prior-warning system for disaster risks reduction and to adopt appropriate technology
Process of making Consistent with new act and global the indigenous policy (Sendai Framework) technology Indigenous Leading sector Supports knowledge National Science Academy: Promotion by And Developing the indigenous Village leaders Innovation technologies Train the villagers to promote the fire resistance roof Outcome Outcome Indigenous technologies that can be implemented by the local community and local resources
THANKS Senro Kuraoka Google any questions ?
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