EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE EUCALYPTUS FIBERS QUALITY FOR PAPER - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE VIÇOÇA Laboratório de Celulose e Papel LCP/UFV CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE EUCALYPTUS FIBERS QUALITY FOR PAPER That means: Trials to innovate technologies Rubens Chaves de Oliveira Vitória, June 29, 2015

THE MAIN TOPICS INTRODUCTION THE NATURAL BEAUTY OF THE WOOD AND FIBER STRUCTURES THE PAPER STRUCTURE THE PAPERMAKING INDUSTRY EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE PAPER QUALITY ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUE TO REFINE THE PULP FIBERS MICROWAVES TECHNIQUE TO DRY PAPER FINAL REMARKS

THE WOOD CELL WALL STRUCTURE 15- 30 % 30- 50 % 10- 25 % The wood structure is a complex and sustainable raw materials that the nature takes many years to construct it and I believe we are going to use it for so many years to make papers.

THE FIBER CELL WALL STRUCTURE Source:Zimmermann et. al. (2005). The fibers cell wall are very important composite materials. They are the main elements on the paper structure. We should be able to find a technology to cause less damage to the fibers during the papermaking process.

THE PAPER STRUCTURE AND STRENGTH BASICALLY DEPENDS ON : • The fiber properties • The number of fiber bon ds • The bond resistances

THE IND INDUSTRY Y FR FROM WOOD TO O PAPE PER

THE IND INDUSTRY Y FR FROM WOOD TO O PAPE PER

PAPER MANUFACTURE: FROM WET END TO DRY END STOCK PREPARATION THE PAPER FORMATION MECHANICAL REFINING TECHNIQUE PRESSING SECTION DRY SECTION REELING

MECHANICAL REFINING TECHNIQUE Intra-Fiber Bond Break Fiber Cut Fines Generation Fiber Defibrillations

UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE VIÇOÇA Laboratório de Celulose e Papel LCP/UFV CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL ULTRASONIC VIBRATIONS OF PULP FIBERS TO IMPROVE PAPER STRENGHT Virsonic 475 (190 Watts; 20 kHz) Variables: Eucalyptus pulp pH: 7,0 and 10,0 Pulp Consistency: 0,5%, 1%, 2% and 4% Time: 5 min, 10 min and 20 min

ULTRASOUND PHENOMENON When mechanical longitudinal waves with frequency higher than 20 kHz propagate in a liquid occur the cavitations' phenomenon Low pressure FIBER SURFACE moment FIBER SURFACE High pressure moment FIBER SURFACE

ULTRASOUND TECHINIQUE RESULTS b) a) Ring Crush Test - pH 7 Ring Crush Test - pH 10 1100 1100 25% 1050 1050 RCT (N/m) RCT (N/m) 1000 1000 15% 950 950 900 900 y = 1065,4 / (1 + (0,156e - 0,187 X )) y = 1071,8 / (1 + (0,267e - 0,169 X )) 850 850 r²= 0,95 r² = 0,90 800 800 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 Time (min) Time (min) Pulp Consistency : 0,5% 1% 2% 4%

ULTR TRASOUND TE TECH CHINIQUE RE RESU SULTS 35% Tensile Index - pH 10 Tensile Index - pH 7 40% 37 37 Tensile index (N.m/g) Tensile index (N.m/g) 35 35 33 33 31 31 29 29 y = 9,89 (3,573 - e - 0,288 X ) y = 23,85 (2,15 - e - 0,021 X ) 27 27 r² = 0,96 r² = 0,97 25 25 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 Time (min) Time (min) Pulp Consistency : 0,5% 1% 2% 4%

ULTRASOUND TECHINIQUE RESULTS Tear Index - pH 7 Tear Index - pH 10 Tear index (mN.m²/g) 10.0 Tear index (mN.m²/g) 10.0 9.5 9.5 9.0 9.0 6% y = 9,66 / (1 + (0,073e - 0,068 X )) y = 9,47 / (1 + (0,067e - 0,117 X )) 6% r² = 0,85 8.5 8.5 r² = 0,79 8.0 8.0 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 Time (min) Time (min) 0,5% 1% 2% 4% Pulp Consistency :

ULTRASOUND TECHINIQUE RESULTS Bulk - pH 7 Bulk - pH 10 2.20 2.20 2.18 2.18 4% y = 2,16 – 0,0037.X Bulk (cm³/g) Bulk (cm³/g) 2.16 2.16 r² = 0,90 2.14 2.14 4% 2.12 2.12 y = 2,19 – 0,0039.X 2.10 2.10 r² = 0,93 2.08 2.08 2.06 2.06 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 Time (min) Time (min) Pulp Consistency : 0,5% 1% 2% 4%

ULTRASOUND TECHINIQUE RESULTS Ring Crush Test - pH 10 Ring Crush Test - pH 7 1300 1300 PFI: Y= 1367,6 - 2,44.X - (186297,4 / X 2 ) 36% r²= 0,99 PFI: Y= 2039,8.e -18,24/X 1200 1200 r²= 0,97 RCT (N/m) 38% RCT (N/m) 1100 1100 25% 1000 1000 17% 900 U.S.: Y= 1029/ (1 + 9,5.e -0,18X ) 900 U.S.:Y= 1065,5 / (1 + 48,62.e -0,259.X ) r² = 0,91 r² = 0,91 800 800 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 ° Schopper Riegler ° Schopper Riegler PFI Ultrasound (U.S.)

ULTRASOUND TECHINIQUE RESULTS Tensile Index- pH 7 Tensile Index- pH 10 68% 45 45 PFI: Y= 5,32 (X - 3,946) 0,605 Tensile index (Nm/g) PFI: Y= 48,89 / (1 + 15,39e -0,128X ) 43 43 Tensile index (Nm/g) 52% r² = 0,99 r² = 0,99 41 41 39 39 40% 37 37 35 35 30% 33 33 31 31 29 U.S.: Y= 3,207 (X + 8,77) 0,64 U.S.: Y= 35,17 / (1 + 10096,5e -0,463X ) 29 27 27 r²= 0,93 r² = 0,98 25 25 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 ° Schopper Riegler ° Schopper Riegler PFI Ultrasound (U.S.)

ULTRASOUND TECHINIQUE RESULTS Bulk - pH 7 Bulk - pH 10 2.25 2.25 y = -0,0002x2 + 0,003x + 2,2 2.20 2.20 r² = 0,90 y = 2E-05x2 - 0,007x + 2,3 4% 2.15 2.15 r² = 0,85 4% Bulk (cm³/g) Bulk (cm³/g) 2.10 2.10 2.05 2.05 14% 2.00 2.00 13% y = -0,0197x + 2,56 1.95 1.95 r² = 0,98 y = -0,0202x + 2,6 1.90 1.90 r² = 0,99 1.85 1.85 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 ° Schopper Riegler ° Schopper Riegler PFI Ultrasound (U.S.)

CONCLUSIONS  The Ultrasonic technology can be successfully used to improve the paper strength. Our hypothesis: Ultrasonic treatment acts mainly on fiber surface leading external fiber defibrillation with less impact on bulk than PFI refine;  Pulp consistency in the range (0.5%-4%) didn't affects the results;  Increasing the pH makes the treatment more efficient for some specific properties;  Efficient to increase the paper strength with less fiber damages;  Little impact on Bulk; very much recommended to tissue word  Less fiber cut and fines production than refine in PFI, to the same ° SR increasing;  New studies are need using more powerful ultrasound device, but with saving energy.

THE IND INDUSTRY Y FR FROM WOOD TO O PAPE PER

PAPER MANUFACTURE: FROM WET END TO DRY END STOCK PREPARATION DRYIER CYLINDERS PAPER FORMATION PRESSING SECTION DRY SECTION REELING

DRYING PAPER BY HEAT CONDUCTION Fiber Cell Wall Delaminations. Paper Properties Increase fiber stiffness and hornification PROPRIEDADE Intra-Fiber Bond Break. Intrinsic fiber strength reduction. Decrease inter-fiber bonds potential. Quality decreasing due to new 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 CICLOS DE RECICLAGEM production cycle. Drying Cycles

LABORATORY MIC LA ICROWAVE EXPERIMENT Temperature Control Computer Control Microwave Dryier 2.450 MHz Fan 80ºC e r u t a r e p m e T Time BEKP Handsheets Optic Sensor of Polipropelleene Handsheets Holder temperature MICROWAVE DRYER:Temperature:80 o C; Final Handsheet consistency:95 % Cylinder Dryer : Temperature: 100 o C; Final Handsheet Consistency: 95 %

MICROWAVES PHENOMENON When Microwaves with frequency between 400 to 20.000 MHz propagate in liquid or solid medium occur the friction phenomenon Source: GOULD (1995). 400 a 20.000 MHz ELETRIC FIELD Ionic Orientation Molecular Orientation

Suggestion mechanisms for Drying Fibers by Conventional Heat Conduction and by Microwaves Radiation HEAT CONDUCTION WATER MOLECULE Water Vapour Fiber Cross Section More Collapsed Fibers Microfibrils Microfibrils Dried Before Drying a) Drying by Heat conduction fiber MICROWAVES RADIATION WATER MOLECULE Water Vapour Fiber Cross Section Less Collapsed Fibers Microfibril Microfibrils Dried b) Drying by microwaves Radiation Before Drying fiber

CROSS SECTION OF FIBERS WALL A)Drying by microwaves B) Drying by Heat Conduction Virgin fiber Virgin fiber 4 th Cycle of 4 Th Cycle of Drying Drying SEM Picture: 3000 x

Fiber wall thickness (µm) Fiber lentgh (mm) Drying Cycles Drying Cycles Microwaves Drying Microwaves Drying Heat Conduction Heat Conduction Xilans (%) Drying Cycles Drying Cycles Heat Conduction Microwaves Drying Microwaves Drying Heat Conduction

Tear ndex (mN.m2/g) Tensile Index (N.m/g) Drying Cycles Drying Cycles Heating transfer Microwaves Drying Microwaves Drying Heat Conduction Heat Conduction Softness (s/100 cm 3 ) Modulus of Elasticity (MN.m/kg) Drying Cycles Drying Cycles Heat Conduction Heat Conduction Heat transfer Microwaves Drying Microwaves Drying Heating transfer

CONCLUSIONS  The results of laboratory studies show that the application of microwave radiation is a drying feasible alternative to dry paper.  The drying by microwave radiation provided a better preservation of the structural properties related to the fiber length and cell wall thickness when compared to conventional heat conduction.  The fibers of dried papers by microwave radiation had higher content of xylan, but this preservation was not reflected in better mechanical properties.  The dried papers by microwave radiation behaved similarly for all drying cycles in relation to the mechanical and optical properties compared to paper dried to conventional heat conduction. Except for the smoothness property, where the microwave drying tend to produce papers with higher values.  The previous conclusion reinforces that this technology presents itself as a possible alternative to the industries of paper, mainly from the tissue segment. However, requiring more studies with respect to its economic viability and how dangerous it may be to papermaker.