Electricity Rates for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations in the US Eleftheria Kontou, PhD Assistant Professor Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign kontou@illinois.edu Joint work with Drs. Muratori & Eichman, NREL TE3 October 18, 2019 1 / 11 Eleftheria Kontou, PhD Electricity Rates for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations in the US
US Fast Charging Infrastructure Fast charging stations coverage and prices (Y 2018) Known prices: 1,294 stations [EVgo, Tesla, Blink, Webasto] Mean: 0.35 $/kWh Median: 0.26 $/kWh Standard Deviation: 0.22 $/kWh 2 / 11 Eleftheria Kontou, PhD Electricity Rates for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations in the US
Electricity Costs of Fast Charging Providers Issues with electricity rates 3 / 11 Eleftheria Kontou, PhD Electricity Rates for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations in the US
Electricity Bill Example Types of charges 1 1 NREL (2017) Identifying Potential Markets for Behind-the-Meter Battery Energy Storage: A Survey of U.S. Demand Charges. 4 / 11 Eleftheria Kontou, PhD Electricity Rates for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations in the US
Research Scope Evaluate average cost of electricity 2 for electric vehicle fast charging providers and operators in the United States illustrative scenarios for charging units specification comparison of rates with and w/o demand charges 2 Evidence of high avg. electricity costs provided in the following empirical reports: Fitzgerald G, Nelder C (2017) EVgo fleet and Tariff Analysis - Phase 1: California. (Rocky Mountain Institute, Boulder) NYSERDA (2015) Electricity Rate Tariff Options for Minimizing Direct Current Fast Charger Demand Charges. Report Number 16-02. 5 / 11 Eleftheria Kontou, PhD Electricity Rates for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations in the US
Rates: Utility Rate Database Leveraging NREL ’s utility rate database (URDB), pinpoint commercial and industrial electric utility rates ( > 25,000) 7,500 commercial rates potentially applicable to fast charging Energy Information Administration. (2017). U.S. Utility Rate Database. Available at: http://en.openei.org/wiki/Utility_Rate_Database 6 / 11 Eleftheria Kontou, PhD Electricity Rates for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations in the US
Fast Charging Scenarios 7 / 11 Eleftheria Kontou, PhD Electricity Rates for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations in the US
Charging Energy Impacts Electricity cost for scenarios over range of # average kWh per charge higher energy drawn from the grid per charge mitigates cost when kWh per charge increase, rates with demand charges become preferable 8 / 11 Eleftheria Kontou, PhD Electricity Rates for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations in the US
Charger Utilization Impacts Electricity cost for scenarios over range of # of daily charging events higher levels of station utilization mitigate high electricity costs rates without demand charges preferable when utilization levels are low rates with demand charges preferable when utilization levels are high 9 / 11 Eleftheria Kontou, PhD Electricity Rates for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations in the US
Conclusions Electricity cost for fast charging insights for small, low utilized fast charging stations observe higher avg electricity costs and the largest cost variability among different rates cost can be reduced when stations are used by more drivers or drivers consume greater electricity volume per charging event costs can be reduced with appropriate electricity rate-making only rates with energy charges in the early stages of transportation 1 electrification transition to tariffs with demand charges and lower energy charges as 2 charging station utilization increases agreements with fleet owners and ridehailing services to induce 3 demand 10 / 11 Eleftheria Kontou, PhD Electricity Rates for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations in the US
References & Acknowledgement This work was partially authored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the United States (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Funding was provided by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Vehicle Technologies Office and Office of Policy. The authors particularly appreciate the support and guidance provided by DOE program managers Rachael Nealer, Mark Smith, Kelly Fleming, Sarah Garman, Erin Boyd, Sydney Menees, and Alyse Taylor-Anyikire, the comments provided by John Smart and Shawn Salisbury (Idaho National Laboratory), and the geographic information systems support provided by Billy Roberts (NREL). The views and opinions expressed in this presentation are those of the author alone and do not reflect the positions of NREL or of the US government. Study’s Reference Matteo Muratori, Eleftheria Kontou, and Joshua Eichman. "Electricity rates for electric vehicle direct current fast charging in the United States." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 113 (2019): 109235. 11 / 11 Eleftheria Kontou, PhD Electricity Rates for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations in the US
Recommend
More recommend
