Electric Vehicles 101 Jesse Tufts, P.Eng. EV 101 Overview - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Electric Vehicles 101 Jesse Tufts, P.Eng.

EV 101 Overview ● Introductions ● Safety ● Glossary ● Why EVs? Why Not? ● Factory Offerings ● DIY Evs, Why? Why Not? ● DIY EV Expectations ● EV Components ● Range and Performance Estimation ● Economics ● Example builds ● Resources

Introductions ● Jesse Tufts ● Mechanical Engineer - U of S 2006 ● Formula SAE alumni ● Grew up on a farm, started off with classic cars ● Started a Japanese Mini Truck EV conversion in 2010 ● It's now my daily driver!

The Electric Japanese Mini Truck ● 1992 Daihatsu Hijet Jumbo Cab ● Joint project with John Storey Bishoff

The Electric Japanese Mini Truck ● Then ● 660cc 3 cylinder gas motor, about 45hp ● 4wd, 5 speed transmission ● 7 L/100km fuel economy (42mpg) ● Now ● 45hp three phase AC motor ● 7.6kWh lithium battery pack ● 60 km max city range ● 85 km/hr top speed

The Electric Japanese Mini Truck ● Joint project, shared use truck ● Started February 2010 ● Licensed in Spring 2012 ● 1000 + hours and counting! ● $14,000 total cost including the truck ● $0.01/km electricity cost to drive ● Very fun to drive! Great for hauling stuff

The Electric Japanese Mini Truck

Introductions ● Who? ● Where? ● What? ● Why EVs? ● Plans?

Safety Disclaimer! ● DIY EVs can be dangerous ● Fire ● Electrocution ● Crush injuries, you name it! ● 0.2A across your heart can kill you ● EV batteries can often provide >1000A! ● High voltage increases shock potential ● Wear gloves when doing any wiring and don't become part of a circuit! ● Keep yourself and others around you safe

Glossary ● Kwh ● unit of energy commonly used to measure electricity consumption and capacity. ● Equivalent to 1000 W of power (1 kW) running for 1 hr, or 3,600,000 J. ● Electric Current (I) ● measured in amperes, the fow rate of electric charge, 1A = 1 coulomb/sec or 6.24 18 electrons/sec. x 10 ● Analogous to water fow rate ex. L/min

Glossary ● Voltage (V) ● The electrical potential difference between two points. ● Analogous to water pressure, ex. psi. ● Power (P) ● measured in Watts, 1W = 1J/sec ● P=IV, electric power = electric current x voltage ● Rate at which energy is used or work is performed ● Shaft power = Torque x angular velocity ● Angular velocity radians/sec ● 2π radians/revolution ● Torque in Nm ● Power(W)=(Nm x rpm)/2π ● Power(Hp) = (ftlbs x rpm)/5252 ● 1 Hp = 746W

Why Electric Vehicles? ● Personal Transportation is part of our way of life ● Current gas and diesel vehicles are very ineffjcient ● Ex. 3rd gen Prius = 38.5% thermally effjcient ● 61.5% energy wasted as heat! ● Typical modern car – 25% to 30% thermally effjcient in ideal conditions ● Narrow RPM range necessitates complicated transmissions ● Inherently noisy with lots of vibration

Why Electric Vehicles?

Why Electric Vehicles? ● Burning fossil fuels = emissions ● CO2, N2O, SO2, unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter ● Source of environmental and health problems. ● Extraction and refjning create Social, Health and Environmental problems ● Fossil fuels are undeniably needed but why are we wasting them? ● What happens when we run out? ● Can we afford to burn them until they run out?

Why Electric Vehicles? ● Bio-fuels can offer a partial solution if done properly ● Diffjcult to change fuel sources on existing vehicles ● Food vs. Fuel? ● Still almost impossible to be energy independent ● Nearly impossible to brew your own gasoline ● Home brew bio diesel and SVO is possible but require a large land base to grow oil crops ● Current waste oil sources could only provide a small % of needed transport fuels

Why Electric Vehicles?

Why Electric Vehicles? ● Electric vehicles offer very high energy effjciency – 80%-95% ● Zero tailpipe emissions, potentially 100% pollution free ● Very quiet operation with almost no vibration ● Very wide effjcient RPM range and full torque at 0 rpm means no transmission is needed ● Electric motors have one moving part, almost no maintenance ● ~1/10 th the cost to operate compared to a gas car ● Electric motors will happily accept power from any source

Why Electric Vehicles? ● Electricity is a universal source of energy that can be generated many different ways ● Solar, Wind, Hydro, Geothermal offer pollution free power generation and almost unlimited capacity! ● Natural Gas power plants can operate at >2X the effjciency of a gas engine at peak conditions ● 4X the effjciency at typical conditions! ● Large stationary power plants are better able to deal with emissions than cars. ● Power is already delivered right to your garage http://shrinkthatfootprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Shades-of-Green-Full-Report.pdf

Why Electric Vehicles? ● It is entirely possible and practical to generate enough electricity to cover household and transportation needs on the land area of a single family home. Personal Energy Independence is Possible

Why Not Electric Vehicles? ● Current battery technology means range is somewhat limited for now ● Charging infrastructure is not yet widespread ● Current charging technology is slow when compared to a gas fjll-up ● Not all electricity sources are “green” ● Still uncertain long term reliability ● Currently not practical for large, long range, heavy haul vehicles

Why or Why Not Electric Vehicles? ● What do you think?

Factory Electric Vehicles ● If you're going to buy a new car anyways.... ● Currently Available – Nissan Leaf – Chevrolet Spark EV – Mitsubishi IMiEV – Chevrolet Volt – Ford Focus Electric – Smart Fortwo EV – Tesla Model S – Fiat 500e – Honda Fit EV – Toyota Rav4 EV

Nissan Leaf – Type: Battery Electric – Available in Edmonton – 4 door hatchback, 5 – Best selling EV Passenger worldwide, 83,000 total – Range: 120km (EPA) sales as of Sept 30 th , 2013 – 200km (NEDC) – Starting price $31,698 – Effjciency 193Wh/km city – Video – 230Wh/km hiway – 107Hp, 187 lbft torque – ~10 sec 0-100km/hr – 3.6kW or 6.6kW Chargers – CHaDEMO fast charging equipped, 80% in 30 min. – 24 kWh battery pack

Mitsubishi iMIEV – 16 kWh battery pack – Type: Battery Electric – 4 door hatchback, 4 – Available in Edmonton Passenger – Starting Price $32,998 – Range: 100km (EPA) – Video – 150km (NEDC) – Effjciency 168Wh/km city – 211Wh/km hiway – 66Hp, 145 lbft torque – ~13 sec 0-100km/hr – 3.6kW on board charger – CHaDEMO fast charging equipped, 80% in 15 min.

Ford Focus Electric – 23 kWh battery pack – Type: Battery Electric – Available in Edmonton – 4 door hatchback, 5 Passenger – Starting Price $41,199 – Range: 122km (EPA) – Video – 162km (NEDC) – Effjciency 193Wh/km city – 215Wh/km hiway – 143Hp, 184 lbft torque – ~9.5 sec 0-100km/hr – 6.6kW on board charger – No Fast Charging

Smart fortwo EV – 17.6 kWh battery pack – Type: Battery Electric – Available in Edmonton – 2 door hatchback, 2 Passenger – Starting Price $26,990 – Range: 109km (EPA) – Video – 135km (NEDC) – Effjciency 173Wh/km city – 226Wh/km hiway – 74Hp, 96 lbft torque – 11.5 sec 0-100km/hr – 3.3kW on board charger – No Fast Charging

Tesla Model S – 60/85 kWh battery pack – Type: Battery Electric – 4 door hatchback, 7 – Available in Edmonton Passenger – Starting Price $77,800 – Range: 335/426km (EPA) – Video – 390/502km (NEDC) – Effjciency 222Wh/km city – 217Wh/km hiway – 302/362/416Hp, 325/443 lbft torque – 6.2/5.6/4.4 sec 0- 100km/hr – 10/20kW on board charger – 120kW Supercharging

Fiat 500e – 24 kWh battery pack – Type: Battery Electric – Only available in – 2 door hatchback, 4 California... Passenger – Starting Price $32,500 – Range: 139 km (EPA) US – Effjciency 173Wh/km – Video city – 195Wh/km hiway – 111 Hp, 147 lbft torque – 9 sec 0-100km/hr – 6.6kW on board charger

Honda Fit EV – 20 kWh battery pack – Type: Battery Electric – Lease Only in select US – 4 door hatchback, 5 markets Passenger – Video – Range: 131 km (EPA) – Effjciency 160Wh/km city – 201Wh/km hiway – 134 Hp, 189 lbft torque – ~9 sec 0-100km/hr – 6.6kW on board charger

Toyota Rav4 EV – 41.8 kWh battery pack – Type: Battery Electric – $49,800 US, for sale in – 4 door SUV, 5 Passenger California only – Range: 165 km (EPA) – Video – Effjciency 270Wh/km city – 285Wh/km hiway – 154 Hp, 270 lbft torque – ~7 sec 0-100km/hr – 10kW on board charger

Chevrolet Spark EV – 21.3 kWh battery pack – Type: Battery Electric – $26,685 US, for sale in – 4 door hatchback, 4 California and Oregon, Passenger – Available for feet sales – Range: 132 km (EPA) only in Canada – Effjciency 165Wh/km – Video city – 193Wh/km hiway – 140 Hp, 400 lbft torque – 7.5 sec 0-100km/hr – 3.6kW on board charger – SAE Combo Fast Charging 80% in 20 min.

BMW i3 – 22 kWh battery pack – Type: Battery Electric + optional range extender – $44,950 available – 4 door hatchback, 4 summer 2014 in Canada Passenger – Video – Range: 128-160km est – Effjciency 165Wh/km city – 193Wh/km hiway – 170 Hp, 184 lbft torque – 6.9 sec 0-100km/hr – 7.4kW on board charger – SAE Combo Fast Charging 80% in 20 min.