Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors – an update on recent activities and future directions Mathias Noe Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Technical Physics KIT-ENERGY CENTRE KIT – The research University in the Helmholtz Association www.kit.edu
Acknowledgement To my colleagues at Institute for Technical Physics ! Joachim Bock ! Janusz Kozak ! Erik Marzahn ! Antonio Morandi ! Wolfgang Reiser ! Sergey Samoilenkov ! Florian Schreiner ! Mark Stemmle ! Vitaly Visotsky Liye Xiao M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 2 KIT-Zentrum Energie
Table of Contents Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors – an update on recent activities and future directions ! Introduction and Motivation ! Cables ! Fault Current Limiters ! Transformers ! Rotating Machines ! SMES and others M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 3 KIT-Zentrum Energie
Table of Contents Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors – an update on recent activities and future directions ! Introduction and Motivation ! Cables ! Fault Current Limiters European perspective ! Transformers ! Rotating Machines SMES and others M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 4 KIT-Zentrum Energie
A few comments from ASC ...the utilities do not show up ! ...the cost of the wire is too high... ! fault current limiters are expected to be a mature technology by 2025 ! ! there is no market pull or push for superconducting power applications... I am still optimistic because ! M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 5 KIT-Zentrum Energie
Coated Conductor Manufacturers 2006 M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 6 KIT-Zentrum Energie
Coated Conductor Manufacturers 2016 ! we have a choice and we get several offers for our quotes ! ! the range of specifications is increasing ! ! for some applications the wire cost is not the dominating factor ! ! it is not yet mass manufacturing in large industrial scale ! M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 7 KIT-Zentrum Energie
Benefits of HTS Power Applications Unique features of HTS ! Highest engineering current densities at ! zero DC resistance and at high magnetic fields ! Fast transition from zero to high resistivity Impact on Power Applications ! Improved energy efficiency ! Higher power density ! New technologies (e.g. FCL, SMES) ! Higher power quality Environmently friendly Superior parameters and complete new systems are possible M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 8 KIT-Zentrum Energie
Table of Contents Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors – an update on recent activities and future directions ! Motivation ! Cables ! Fault Current Limiters ! Transformers ! Rotating Machines SMES and others M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 9 KIT-Zentrum Energie
AC Cables – State-of-the-Art Manufacturer ! Place ,Country, Year ! Data ! HTS ! ?? Chicago, US 12 kV, a few miles ?? ?? Enschede, NL, 2019 110 kV, 200 MVA, 3.4 km ?? LS Cable ! Seoul, Korea, 2017 ! 22.9 kV, 1000 m ! YBCO ! Nexans ! Essen, Deutschland, 2014 ! 10 kV, 2.4 kA, 1000 m ! BSCCO ! Sumitomo ! Yokohama, Japan, 2013 ! 66 kV, 1.8 kA, 240 m ! BSCCO ! LS Cable ! Icheon, Korea, 2011 ! 22.9 kV, 3.0 kA, 100 m ! BSCCO ! LS Cable ! Icheon, Korea, 2009 ! 22.9 kV, 1.3 kA, 500 m ! BSCCO ! Nexans ! Long Island, US, 2008 ! 138 kV, 2.4 kA, 600 m ! BSCCO/YBCO ! LS Cable ! Gochang, Korea, 2007 ! 22.9 kV, 1.26 kA, 100 m ! BSCCO ! Sumitomo ! Albany, US, 2006 ! 34.5 kV, 800 A, 350 m ! BSCCO ! Ultera ! Columbus, US, 2006 ! 13.2 kV, 3 kA, 200 m ! BSCCO ! Sumitomo ! Gochang, Korea, 2006 ! 22.9 kV, 1.25 kA, 100 m ! BSCCO ! Furukawa ! Yokosuka, Japan, 2004 ! 77 kV, 1 kA, 500 m ! BSCCO ! More than 10 years of operational experience and no HTS degradation reported. M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 10 KIT-Zentrum Energie
DC Cables – State-of-the-Art Place, Country, Year ! Application ! Data ! HTS ! Ludwigshafen, D, 2017 ! Chlor electrolysis ! 20 kA, 1 kV, 25 m ! YBCO ! St. Petersburg, Ru, 2016 ! Substation connection ! 2.5 kA, 20 kV, 2.5 km ! BSCCO ! Ishikari, Japan, 2016 ! Test application ! 2.5 kA, 20 kV, 1 km ! BSCCO ! Ishikari, Japan, 2015 ! Connection PV Datacentre ! 5 kA, 20 kV, 500 m ! BSCCO ! Jeju Island, Korea, 2015 ! Substation connection ! 3.25 kA, 80 kV, 500 m ! YBCO ! CERN, CH, 2014 ! Test application ! 20 kA, 20 m ! MgB 2 ! Kunitachi, Japan, 2013 ! Connection train converter ! 6 kA, 1,5 kV, 30 m ! BSCCO ! Gongyi, China, 2012 ! Aluminium plant ! 10 kA, 1,3 kV, 360 m ! BSCCO ! Chubu, Japan, 2010 ! Test application ! 2 kA, 10 kV, 200 m ! BSCCO ! Chubu, Japan, 2006 ! Test application ! 2.2 kA, 20 kV, 20 m ! BSCCO ! M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 11 KIT-Zentrum Energie
Status Ampacity Project Objectives Built and test a 40 MVA, 10 kV, 1 km superconducting cable in combination with a fault current limiter ! Project partners L1 L2 L3 LN 2 ! RWE, Nexans, KIT ! Budget LN 2 back Dielectric ! 13.5 Mio. " ! Duration Funded by: ! Sept. 2011- Feb. 2016 M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 12 KIT-Zentrum Energie
Status Ampacity Project Conventional Situation in Essen HTS Cable plus FCL Situation in Essen A transformer and a high voltage cable can be replaced by a medium voltage HTS cable in combination with a fault current limiter. M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 13 KIT-Zentrum Energie
Status Ampacity Project Lessons learned ! The unsymmetrical capacitances need compensation. ! A few leaks have been fixed right after commissioning but during operation. ! The disconnection scheme after a short-circuit with an open- close cycle was changed. Major result ! The cable and FCL installation fulfills all technical and operational requirements. Status ! The operation has been extended. ! Business cases are under development. M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 14 KIT-Zentrum Energie
Status Supernet NL Project Objectives Feasibility and demonstration of a superconductive HV cable in the transmission grid (110 kV, 3.4 km, ~ 200 MVA) ! Project partners TenneT, TU Delft, U Twente, HAN U, IWO Project, RH Marine ! Duration ! Project start August 2015 ! Tender procedure finished in 2017 ! Demonstration test before comissioning June 2019 M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 15 KIT-Zentrum Energie
For more details see poster this evening Status 3S Project Objectives Develop and test a 25 m, 20 kA superconducting DC busbar for industry applications, First rigid modular design ! Project partners ! Vision Electric Superconductors, KIT, ILK ! Duration soldered joint stack of 96 copper lamellas ! May 2015-April 2018 Flexible Copper to HTS stack of 96 HTS tapes contact with low resistance and high number of stacks. First 20 kA short sample tested and current lead developed outside the project. M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 16 KIT-Zentrum Energie
Compact, low loss current lead for DC busbars ICE Link 20 kA current lead Cu connection Cryocooler Courtesy: Vision Electric Superconductors LN 2 reservoir Setup is finished, commissioning tests soon. M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 17 KIT-Zentrum Energie
Cables – Future Directions Applications ! More real application studies with utilities ! Long term grid application Towards higher voltages ! More DC applications Technology Lower system cost and less maintenance Lower AC and cryostat loss ! R&D on high voltage issues M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 18 KIT-Zentrum Energie
Table of Contents Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors – an update on recent activities and future directions ! Motivation ! Cables ! Fault Current Limiters ! Transformers ! Rotating Machines SMES and others M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016 19 KIT-Zentrum Energie
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