EFRIS – the European Union Fundamental Rights Information System The human rights gateway
Many databases • One single gateway for all • Comparisons • EU-focused 2
Monitoring mechanisms Not foreseen for EFRIS in short or medium term 80 United Nations (56) Council of Europe (8+8) European Union (8) A wide range of Special European Court Venice CJEU – Court of Treaty Bodies European Cttee European Procedures of Human Commission – Justice of the human rights (10) of Social Rights Ombudsman (44 thematic) Rights democracy-law EU ILO-CEACR (CoE ECRI – E. Cssn GRETA – GoE EU European Data Cttee for the monitoring Universal Application of Racism and Trafficking in Fundamental Protection Prevention of Periodic Review Conv. And Rec.) Intolerance Human Beings Rights Agency Supervisor Torture mechanisms and Lanzarote Cttee EU’s CRPD European GREVIO – GoE treaties; – child sex. monitoring Commission – on VaW and DV expl. and abuse mechanism infringem. RoL Commissioner GRECO – EU Justice CEPEJ – E. Cssn PETI – for Human Group of States Scoreboard (E. Efficiency of European not the least from Rights Corruption Semester) Justice Parliament National Reg. and min. C of Local and the United Nations minorities – languages – Regional – Advisory Cttee Cttee of Exp. Monitor. Cttee and the Council of Data protection Cybercrime – – Consult. Cttee Convent. Cttee Europe 10 (T-PD) (T-CY) EU Additional SPACE – Annual Eurostat – EU’s Treaty office Treaty office UN Stats Fundamental data sources Penal Statistics statistical office Rights Agency PACE – Political Human Rights Cttee of European Parliamentary bodies Council Ministers Parliament 3 Assembly
Individual complaints procedure Country visits Occasional visits General comments European Court CJEU – Court of Some form of general guidance Judicial of Human Justice of the Reporting Rights EU Human rights Some form of input other than reporting Quasi-judicial / Venice ECRI – E. Cssn European Cttee European monitoring Commission – Racism and Expert of Social Rights Ombudsman democracy-law Intolerance mechanisms that are Cttee for the GRETA – GoE Reg. and min. European Data Prevention of Trafficking in languages – Protection quite different but Torture Human Beings Cttee of Exp. Supervisor Commissioner Nat’l minorities EU EU’s CRPD GREVIO – GoE that can be grouped for Human – Advisory Fundamental monitoring on VaW and DV Rights Cttee (FCNM) Rights Agency mechanism as judicial, quasi- Lanzarote Cttee CEPEJ – E. Cssn Cybercrime – Gov’t Expert / – child sex. Efficiency of Convent. Cttee Tripartite judicial, expert etc expl. and abuse Justice (T-CY) Data protection – Consult. Cttee (T-PD) EU Justice Government GRECO – European Committee of Scoreboard (E. Group of States Commission – Ministers C of Local and Semester) Corruption infringem. RoL Regional – Parliamentary PETI – Monitor. Cttee European 4 Parliament
Monitoring mechanisms 60 United Nations (55/56) Council of Europe (3+3+2 of 16) European Union (3/8) Special European Court CJEU – Court of Treaty Bodies European Cttee Procedures of Human Justice of the (10) of Social Rights (44 thematic) Rights EU EFRIS includes most ILO-CEACR (CoE ECRI – E. Cssn GRETA – GoE EU Cttee for the Universal Application of Racism and Trafficking in Fundamental Prevention of UN mechanisms and Periodic Review Conv. And Rec.) Intolerance Human Beings Rights Agency Torture some Council of European GREVIO – GoE Commission – on VaW and DV Europe mechanisms infringem. RoL GRECO – from the outset, Group of States Corruption with additional ones being added 10 Additional Treaty office Treaty office data sources Added to EFRIS in short term Added to EFRIS in medium term Cttee of Political Ministers – bodies 5 Execution Dep’t
• Not a database Web-services • Doesn’t interpret or ‘undermine’ File transfers 2020 Manual OHCHR CJEU Treaties Monitoring CoE EFRIS is an interface (eurlex) Treaties Monitoring to a number of European Court ? existing databases; 2020? of Human Rights FRA European OSCE? Committee of it uses so called web- EFRIS Charterpedia Surveys Social Rights ECRI – E. Cssn services, automatic Racism and ? Intolerance data transfers NHRIs? Annual essential Cttee for the Prevention of data Torture 2020? … NPMs? ILO Treaties Monitoring 6
United Nations Council of Europe European Union Commit- ments Treaty office Treaty office EFRIS is developed Special Cttee for the ECRI – E. Cssn Cttee of through iterations, 2019 Treaty Bodies Universal Procedures Prevention of Racism and Ministers – (10) Periodic Review (44 thematic) Torture Intolerance Execution Dep’t with improvements as well as thematic GRECO – European Court 2020 European Cttee Group of States of Human CJEU expansions planned Compliance of Social Rights Corruption Rights for the coming years GRETA – GoE ILO-CEACR (CoE 2021 GREVIO – GoE Trafficking in Application of on VaW and DV Human Beings Conv. And Rec.) OSCE 202? 7
What remains to be done? • A lot! • Adjustments / corrections / clarifications • Refinements A lot remains to be – Detailed selection of relevant treaties and mechanisms (‘full-text search’) done, but it is a good • Including discrimination grounds, not only at ‘rights-level’ – Guidance to specific location in documents start – Relevance of a document depending on frequency of words, closeness of concepts in texts, etc – weighting (machine learning) – Thematic ‘buttons’ (rule of law?) • User-testing and adjustments • Dissemination and awareness – targeted • Expansion (CJEU, ILO, NHRIs?, etc) • … 8
Commitments is about states’ obligations under international human rights law; Compliance is about monitoring mechanisms 9
Compliance shows things like accepted treaties and reservations – overviews or details 10
… or even more comparatively 11
It is possible to select / deselect mechanisms 12
… and countries 13
And rights can be selected / deselected 14
Searching generally or with selected delimitations provide a tab for each mechanism 15
Selecting a tab provides an overview of, in the case of treaty bodies, the most recent concluding observations 16
Or in more detail the issues a report covers 17
Jurisprudence (communications / individual complaints) to the treaty bodies can be viewed 18
By selecting an item in the graph the user ends up with an overview of, in this case, the relevant cases, and the hyperlinks are directly to the full text source 19
UN’s Universal Periodic Review (UPR) can be viewed in terms of percentage of accepted recommendations 20
It is also possible to see what issues the recommendations in the UPR covers 21
Selecting UN Special Procedures reveal latest report from country visit 22
All graphs are also available as tables 23
… or where relevant, as maps 24
Why FRA develops EFRIS? • Improving human rights • Filling a gap – positive response to FRA proposal – European Parliament resolutions – European Commission Opinion on FRA’s Work Programme Why EFRIS – Council of the EU’s secretariat / Presidencies interest – CSOs, NHRIs, etc • Reinforcing EU’s joining up human rights • Reducing complexity, making more use of existing work • … 25
EU institutions and EFRIS • European Parliament, 2016 Resolution on an EU mechanism on democracy, the rule of law and fundamental rights – “The European DRF Report shall be drawn up using a variety of sources and the existing tools for assessment, reporting and monitoring of Member States’ activities, including […] the FRA, in particular the EFRIS instrument ” • Council of the EU – Romanian Presidency, 2019 – Invitation to present EFRIS in the Working Party on Fundamental Rights, … • European Commission, 2019, Communication on strengthening the rule of law – “[FRA] whose remit covers rule of law -relevant rights such as that to effective judicial remedy, has developed the EU Fundamental Rights Information System (EFRIS) to facilitate access to relevant existing information and reports concerning the situation in the Member States. This variety of sources of information could be better used, brought together and complemented more effectively than it is the case today.” (emphasis added) 26
www.fra.europa.eu/en/databases/efris Available in late 2019 EFRIS@fra.europa.eu fra.europa.eu
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