EEN320 - Power Systems I ( ) Part 8: Current and future trends - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

EEN320 - Power Systems I ( Συστήματα Ισχύος Ι ) Part 8: Current and future trends in power system operation - the path to the smart grid Dr Petros Aristidou Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering & Informatics Last updated: April 6, 2020

Today’s learning objectives After this lecture and additional reading, you should be able to . . . . . . motivate the need for smart grids . . . give an overview of technologies and concepts needed to establish smart grids , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 2/ 36

1st question: How much energy do you use per year? 2nd question: Do you spend any time thinking about when to use energy? , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 3/ 36

1st question: How much energy do you use per year? I have no idea. 2nd question: Do you spend any time thinking about when to use energy? Of course, not! , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 4/ 36

1 Outline The electrical energy system: past & present (review) 1 The uprise of renewable energy 2 The path of the electrical energy system 3 The smart grid system paradigm 4 , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 5/ 36

1 The electrical energy system: review of traditional setup Fossil-fueled Operation & energy production monitoring system Frequency Electrical Transmission grid Distribution Loads , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 6/ 36

1 The electrical energy system: review of traditional setup Fossil-fueled Operation & energy production monitoring system Frequency Advantage of fossil fuels: Electrical Transmission available on demand grid whenever required Distribution Loads , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 6/ 36

1 Traditional energy system paradigm Production follows demand , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 7/ 36

1 The electrical energy system: production follows demand Fossil-fueled Operation & energy production monitoring system Frequency Electrical Transmission grid Distribution Loads , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 8/ 36

1 The electrical energy system: production follows demand Fossil-fueled Operation & energy production monitoring system Frequency One- directional power Electrical Transmission flow grid Distribution Loads , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 8/ 36

1 The electrical energy system: production follows demand Fossil-fueled Operation & 60 Power [GW] energy production monitoring system 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 t [h] Frequency 50.75 50.5 Electrical Transmission 50.25 f [Hz] 50 grid 49.75 49.5 49.25 0 5 10 15 20 Distribution t [h] — Load - · - Fossil production — Grid frequency Loads , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 8/ 36

2 Outline The electrical energy system: past & present (review) 1 The uprise of renewable energy 2 The path of the electrical energy system 3 The smart grid system paradigm 4 , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 9/ 36

2 Two major problems with fossil fuels 1) Energy generation from fossil fuels highly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions & climate change! 2) Fossil fuels are finite! , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 10/ 36

2 A (partial) solution Solar power Onshore wind Offshore wind Shift energy production from fossil to renewable energy sources! Marine power Small hydro Bioenergy power , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 11/ 36

3 Outline The electrical energy system: past & present (review) 1 The uprise of renewable energy 2 The path of the electrical energy system 3 The smart grid system paradigm 4 , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 12/ 36

3 The electrical energy system: present Fossil-fueled Operation & energy production monitoring system Frequency Electrical Transmission grid Distribution Loads , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 13/ 36

3 The electrical energy system: present Fossil-fueled Operation & energy production monitoring system Frequency Electrical Transmission grid Distribution Loads Renewable , energy production ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 13/ 36

3 The electrical energy system: present Fossil-fueled Operation & 60 Power [GW] energy production monitoring system 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 t [h] Frequency 50.75 50.5 Electrical Transmission 50.25 f [Hz] 50 grid 49.75 49.5 49.25 Distribution 0 5 10 15 20 t [h] — Load - · - Fossil production — Grid frequency Loads Renewable — Renewable production , energy production ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 13/ 36

3 The electrical energy system: future Less fossil-fueled Operation & energy production monitoring system Reduction of fossil- Frequency fueled power plants Increasing amount of Electrical Transmission renewable energy plants grid at distribution level Increasing amount of Distribution solar homes Solar homes More renewable , & loads energy production ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 14/ 36

3 The electrical energy system: future Less fossil-fueled Operation & energy production monitoring system Reduction of fossil- Frequency Bi- fueled power plants directional power Increasing amount of Electrical Transmission flow renewable energy plants grid at distribution level Increasing amount of Distribution solar homes Solar homes More renewable , & loads energy production ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 14/ 36

3 The electrical energy system: future Less fossil-fueled Operation & energy production monitoring system Renewable energies: Depend on natural Frequency circumstances, e.g., Bi- wind and sun directional power Electrical Transmission Availability is uncertain & flow not plannable grid Fluctuating energy production Distribution ⇒ Renewable energy NOT available on demand Solar homes More renewable , & loads energy production ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 14/ 36

3 The electrical energy system: future Less fossil-fueled Operation & 60 Power [GW] energy production monitoring system 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 t [h] Frequency 50.75 50.5 Electrical Transmission 50.25 f [Hz] 50 grid 49.75 49.5 49.25 Distribution 0 5 10 15 20 t [h] — Load - · - Fossil production — Grid frequency Solar homes More renewable — Renewable production , & loads energy production ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 14/ 36

4 Outline The electrical energy system: past & present (review) 1 The uprise of renewable energy 2 The path of the electrical energy system 3 The smart grid system paradigm 4 , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 15/ 36

4 A solution: the smart grid system paradigm Demand must follow production (to certain extent) ⇒ Energy system needs to become more flexible & intelligent , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 16/ 36

4 The path towards a smart grid system Less fossil-fueled Operation & energy production monitoring system How to make the energy system smart ? Frequency Electrical grid Solar homes More renewable , & loads energy production ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 17/ 36

4 What are the key smart grid system (SGS) ingredients? ??? ??? ??? Smart ??? grid system ??? ??? ??? , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 18/ 36

4 Key SGS ingredients - I. Renewable energies & storage ??? Renewable energy sources ??? Smart Energy storage grid system ??? ??? ??? , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 19/ 36

4 Key SGS ingredients - I. Renewable energies & storage Renewable energy sources needed for sus- tainable energy supply Improve technologies (offshore wind, marine,. . . ) Improve forecasts for weather-dependent stochastic generation Actively integrate renewables into grid control & operation , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 20/ 36

4 Key SGS ingredients - I. Renewable energies & storage Renewable energy Energy storage needed to sources needed for sus- balance fluctuating renewables tainable energy supply Pumped storage Improve technologies hydroelectricity (offshore wind, marine,. . . ) Battery Improve forecasts for technologies weather-dependent stochastic generation Flywheel Actively integrate renewables into grid control & operation , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 20/ 36

4 Key SGS ingredients ??? Renewable energy sources ??? Smart Energy storage grid system ??? ??? ??? , ΕΕΝ 320 — Dr Petros Aristidou — Last updated: April 6, 2020 21/ 36