Eco-Driving 2014
Welcome Who am I? WCTC Who are you? Why are we here?
Clean Cities is on track to meet its goal of saving 2.5 billion gallons of petroleum per year by 2020. To achieve this goal, Clean Cities employs three strategies: 1. Replace petroleum with alternative and renewable fuels, including natural gas, propane, electricity, ethanol, biodiesel, and hydrogen; 2. Reduce petroleum consumption through smarter driving practices and fuel economy improvements; and 3. Eliminate petroleum use through idle reduction and other fuel-saving technologies and practices.
Today’s Agenda Welcome Simulator Class Time Over the Road Practice Wrap up
Skilled Drivers Save Fuel 80 70 60 • Driver’s skill level 50 40 can affect fuel 30 20 usage. 10 0 Fuel Efficiency Skilled Drivers 80% Unskilled Drivers 65%
Shifting Techniques 10 13 Speed Speed 9 Speed FOR ALL TRANSMISSIONS
Progressive Shifting What is progressive shifting? There are 2 parts to progressive shifting: As the word implies you will use all the gears, starting with the lowest gear and moving up. 1. The second part is shifting at lower RPMs and increasing slightly with every shift. 2. This is where you start out in Granny gear: YES the lowest gear possible. Low gear is a momentum gear it is designed to get the 30,000 pound empty weight moving after that you shift every 1000 RPMs . You also must use every single gear. When to use it? Stop sign to stop sign driving, stop light, exit ramps any time safety is down to a minimum. Why should I use progressive shifting? What are the benefits technique? Every time you follow this process and do it correctly you will save one tenth of a gallon of fuel. Now one tenth of a gallon in a milk jug is not much but do this ten times a day and you save a gallon. ($4.00 per day X 250 days = $1000) Less ware and tear on the engine, transmission and the drive train = less down time for your truck. May save time in �getting up to speed.�
Shifting for Fuel Economy Use tachometer and speedometer as shifting cues. Experienced drivers have learned when to shift via listening to the engine sound. You need to use the tachometer and speedometer to retrain your ears to the proper shifting points. Avoid lugging or over-revving engine. It is more difficult to lug the engine these days because of the high torque and low RPM set up. However you must be cautious in any event of over revving. Don’t force transmission into gear . Knowing when to shift is critical, you need to make sure you are in the right gear for the right speed for the peak Torque and HP range. Keep in mind that if the transmission is �fighting� you that you are probably trying to go into the wrong gear.
Progressive Shifting Described Starting in (1 st , low, Granny gear) Upshift between 900 - 1300 rpm in lower gears (varies per truck) Upshift between 1400 – 1600 rpm in upper gears (varies per truck) Downshift around 1100-1200 rpm (varies per truck)
Avoid Rapid Starts • Rapid starts burn excessive fuel because the engine is winding too high of rpm’s.
Shifting for Grades Avoid downshifting too early. The steepness and length of the grade, as well as the weight of the load and road conditions must all be taken into consideration when approaching an upgrade. Slight �lugging� is OK as long as road speed is maintained. Keep rpm as low as possible on the way up the grade – high rpm consumes more fuel that cannot be recovered on the downgrade. Use appropriate upgrade and downgrade techniques if driving in mountains or large hills.
Cruise in Top Gear Operate in the highest gear possible – do not run one gear down. Keep engine below 1500 rpm (varies per truck).
Rolling Under Power Anticipate slowdowns and stops. Roll in gear as long as possible to improve overall fuel economy. By slowing down and keeping under power, you will be able to keep your momentum going forward and be ready to apply power more quickly when needed. It takes more fuel to start a vehicle from a complete stop than from a slow roll. Do not �coast� with the clutch engaged. You are not in full control of the vehicle.
Braking Use the braking system to slow the momentum of the vehicle – excessive engine braking wastes fuel. Try to use your vehicle brakes more. The old habit of hard engine braking to slow the vehicle down wastes fuel. Engine braking is still a useful tool when used in appropriate situations.
Topography Flat Land Hills Mountains
Route Location and Stops City, Urban, Rural Timing of Load Deliveries Cargo Restrictions – Hazmat, oversized loads…
Road Surfaces • Rolling resistance to tires. • Concrete, Asphalt, Gravel
Road Design Interstate system – freeway, toll-way. Two lane urban/rural – straight, high or low speed curves. Two lane city – stoplights, stop signs, roundabouts…
Traffic Patterns (Time of Day) Speed Changes Sudden braking – loss of kinetic energy.
What Is Idling? When a vehicle is running for nonpropulsion purposes, it is idling. Nearly all vehicle types can idle, and they do so for many reasons and for varying periods of time. The vehicle operator is usually in charge of whether to idle the vehicle. While this definition is generally good, it suggests that a good solution is to just turn the key. While that’s sometimes true, it’s more complicated than that. With the current state of technology, some types of engine idling are easier to remedy than others. Educating drivers, fleet managers, and other decision-makers about the consequences of unnecessary idling — and ways to reduce it —is one of Clean Cities’ goals .
What Is Idling? When a vehicle is running for nonpropulsion purposes, it is idling. Examples Trucks idling while in queue. • Vehicles waiting to load/unload • passengers or goods, including: Delivery trucks • • Shuttle buses Taxis •
Some Idling Is Difficult To Avoid • Sometimes, idling is difficult to avoid, usually when there is a non-propulsion need for power (some work vehicles are equipped with “power take - off” or PTO). “Idling for power” does not have a one-size-fits-all solution. The best solution will depend on the particular power needs. • Long-haul trucks may idle to provide heating or cooling for drivers during overnight rest periods. Police cars may idle not only to power warning lights and communications equipment, but to be “at the ready.” Knowing the “why” of idling is important for evaluating potential solutions. Optimal solutions • for delivery trucks will likely be different from those for work trucks . • Running emergency lights and other auxiliaries (emergency vehicles, utility vehicles). • Powering HVAC (all vehicle types, for operator and passenger comfort in extreme weather). Performing nonpropulsion (PTO) work (bucket trucks, sewer-line maintenance trucks, wood chippers). •
Most Idling Is Wasteful Waiting in Queue • Delivery trucks, transit buses and motor coaches, shuttle buses, taxis, railroad crossings. Engine Warming Today’s vehicles warm up faster by being driven than idling. • Sitting in Vehicle During lunch breaks, to complete paperwork, to make phone • calls. Eliminating unnecessary idling is a very low-hanging fruit. It’s money in your pocket or in your fuel budget. Often, no investment is required and savings are immediate.
Why Care About Idling? Idling Pollutes!
Idling Pollutes • Each gallon of fuel burned produces about 20 pounds of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. • Nationally, 27% of greenhouse gas emissions come from transportation. • Pollution from motor vehicles contributes to the formation of ground-level ozone. • Each year, U.S. passenger vehicles, light trucks, medium-duty trucks, and heavy-duty vehicles consume more than 6 billion gallons of diesel fuel and gasoline combined — without even moving. • Roughly half of that fuel is wasted by passenger vehicles (cars and light trucks), and the remaining half by medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. • Generally , the bigger the vehicle’s engine, the more fuel it consumes when idling. • In addition, idling vehicles emit carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), particulates (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These emissions, along with noise from idling vehicles, have led to many local and state restrictions on idling.
Idling Threatens Health • The most significant health impacts of transportation stem from tailpipe emissions. • Particulate matter irritates the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, contributing to respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses and even premature death. • Ozone can inflame and damage the airways and aggravate lung diseases such as asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis .
What Can YOU Do? 3 Steps to Idling Reduction
You Can . . . Step 1: Be AWARE Reducing idling saves money and protects the air. Turn off vehicles when not moving. • Set policy to reduce unnecessary idling. • Identify nonvehicle solutions when possible. • Consider alternative power sources to provide necessary • services.
Recommend
More recommend
