EBCL EBCL – – the development of the development of language function list language function list Liang Wang Liang Wang With Luisa With Luisa Paternic Paternic & & Changying Changying Shu Shu 1
EBCL Project Report – Language Function Generic and illustrative descriptors List of themes and topics List of language functions Lexical components Intercultural components (vocabulary/character, (knowledge, attitude, grammar, discourse, skills, critical cultural etc.) awareness) 2
CEFR competence range (adapted from Zhang 2011) CEF Can-do Notions and functions Statements embedded in socio-cultural contexts C2 Notions Texts Operations C1 Sub-themes Notions Events B2 Themes Notions Objects B1 Sub-themes Notions Persons A2 Notions Institution A1 Functions Sub-functions Functions Location Domains Personal Public Educational Occupational Language function is roughly equivalent to speech act and a coherent sequence of functions ( speech event ) formulates an activity. 3
Review of list formulation � Stage 1 Europe-centred resourcing � CEFR-based language profiles: French Profile, Profile Deutsch, Profilo Italiano as well as TELC B1 English. � Translate into English for cross-comparison � Complement items across the lists � Compare with 《高等学校外国留学生汉语言专业教学大纲（附 � Stage 2 China-centred resourcing 件二）》 2002 and 《对外汉语教学中高级阶段功能大纲》 1999 � Complement items � Translate into English * Note that the list of language function is not restrictive to levels A1 and A2 only. 4
Findings – 1 � European resources are specified with details while Chinese resources remain more general. 5
Findings – 2 � Categories of language functions are mostly matchable – between 5 and 7 types � Within each category there are overlapping items as well as unmatchable ones – culture-specific 6
Suggestions � 1. 社交表达 Social Interaction & Conventions � Suggest 6 categories � 2. 情况表述 Information Exchange � 3. 态度表达 Interaction on Attitudes & Opinions � 4. 情感表达 Interaction on Emotions & Feelings � 5. 使令表达 Regulation of Actions � 6. 谈话技巧 Communication in speech � 6. 谈话技巧 Communication in speech � Adopt noun forms for category labelling purposes, which can embody an array of specific items in ‘to do’ format. � Combine, complement or to re-place items according to cross- comparison. � Provide bilingual headings and sub-headings which are internally checked. 7
Questions e.g. 4.26 无奈 helplessness? � Translation for equivalents is problematic as they are context-free, Inevitability? � Europe-oriented samples (or corpus) for Chinese language functions are needed. � Grouping items with more sub-levels or ungrouping as they are? e.g. opposite meanings e.g. opposite meanings 8
Discussion + Workshop Objectives To raise questions and to clarify points � To review the list and spot items for correction with regard to � categorisation and translation To provide sample sentences/structures at A1-A2 levels To provide sample sentences/structures at A1-A2 levels � � Tasks Work in small groups (3-4), discuss the usability of the list and 1. provide function items/samples where applicable. Round-up discussion and reporting. 2. Thank you for your attention and cooperation! 9
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