Drowning and Water-Incidents -- Arizona and Maricopa County-- Data - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Drowning and Water-Incidents -- Arizona and Maricopa County-- Data from Arizona Vital Statistics and Fire Departments in Maricopa County Tim Flood, MD 1

CHILD DROWNING WATER-RELATED DATA What we know / What we don’t • Death data (ADHS) – Rank with other injuries – Count and rates – Risk factors • Incidence data (DPCCA) – Counts and rates – Risk factors Tim Flood; ADHS; 4-7-2003 • Knowledge gaps Drowning Prevention Coalition of Central Arizona Summit1.ppt 2

Causes of Unintentional Injury Death Arizona, 0-4 year olds 40 35 34 33 30 30 29 29 30 28 27 27 27 25 25 Deaths 19 20 10 8 7 6 4 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 Motor Vehicle Fire & Flames Drowning Poisoning 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Source: Arizona death certificates 3

Drowning Death Rate 0-4 Year Olds All Bodies of Water 15 Rate/100,000 children 10 5 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Source: ADHS, Vital Statistics 3 per. Mov. Avg. (Maricopa County) 3 per. Mov. Avg. (Arizona) 3 per. Mov. Avg. (United States) 4

Location of Drowning Death, Arizona Children 0-4 years of age 30 26 24 25 21 20 20 20 Deaths 15 13 12 9 10 7 6 5 4 5 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 Bathtub Swimming Pool Other 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Source: Arizona Vital Statistics 5

Drowning deaths per month Arizona residents, age 0-4 50 2001 Sum of drowning deaths per month 2000 40 1999 1998 30 1997 1996 20 1995 1994 10 1993 1992 0 1991 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: Arizona Vital Statistics 6

Water-related incidence surveillance in Maricopa County • Source : Reports from fire departments participating in the Drowning Prevention Coalition of Central Arizona • Case definition : A life-threatening water-related incident that triggers a 9-1-1 call; child not breathing or struggling; usually given CPR • Exclusions : “dunkings; close calls; brief submersion” (child struggling, breathing, not given CPR, rescued just in time). 7

Body of Water of Incident Maricopa County, 1990-2000 200 182 170 150 135 Count 100 50 50 33 29 21 16 10 11 10 9 8 7 7 5 5 4 4 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bathtub Bucket Canal/ Fish Other Pool, Pool, in River Spa Toilet Ditch Pond Unknown above ground Lake Under 1 Age 1 Age 2 Age 3 Age 4 Source: Incidence reports from fire departments 8

Pool incidents: Boys vs Girls 1990 – 2000; Age 0-4 400 363 350 300 250 225 363 200 150 225 100 50 0 Boys Girls Source: Incidence reports from fire departments 9

Pool Incidents, Age 0-4: Hour of the Day 85 85 85 85 84 84 84 84 80 Count of Incidents 59 59 59 59 60 55 55 55 55 45 45 45 45 37 37 37 37 40 36 36 36 36 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 27 27 27 27 25 25 25 25 17 17 17 17 20 16 16 16 16 9 9 9 9 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Noon Mnite 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Hour of the Day Source: Incidence reports from fire departments 10

Day of Week 120 106 98 86 82 76 75 80 65 Count 40 0 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Source: Incidence reports from fire departments 11

Life-threatening incidents, 0-4 year olds, Maricopa Co. pools 120 102 99 Count of Yearly Incidents 100 80 66 62 58 57 57 54 53 52 51 60 46 45 44 43 40 20 0 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 *Data for 2002 is not yet complete. Source: Incidence reports from fire departments 12

Life-threatening, pool-related incidents per 100,000 children 0-4 years of age in Maricopa County 70 64.6 Incidence Rate rate per 100,000 60.1 60 50 40 33.7 31.5 31.1 29.2 29.0 27.0 30 25.6 25.6 25.2 22.7 21.9 21.8 20 10 0 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Source: Incidence reports from fire departments 13

Life-threatening incidents among 0-4 year olds in 25 Maricopa Co. pools [ 9-1-1 calls; Life Threatening; CPR given] 20 Monthly Count of Incidents 15 10 5 0 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Source: Incidence reports from fire departments 14

Presumed Supervisor 200 159 Count of Incidents 150 106 100 81 73 43 50 22 7 0 Mother Father Mo. and Other Other Unspec Unknown Fa. Adult Child Parent Source: Incidence reports from fire departments 15

Pool Incidents: At Home of … 600 492 500 400 Count 300 200 116 62 100 42 25 9 0 Friend Neighbor Public Relative Victim Other, Unk, N.A. Source: Incidence reports from fire departments 16

Dwelling Type 600 525 500 400 Count 300 200 145 100 56 11 9 0 Apt/ Condo Hotel /motel Single Home Multiple Oth/unk/na Unit Source: Incidence reports from fire departments 17

Attributed Cause, 1988-2000 Warm Months Cold Months Other or Unknown Other or No Barrier Unknown 9% 23% Supervision 11% Problem 52% 11% Safety Inadequate 0% 4% Door Fence No Barrier Failed 51% 13% 21% Gate or Supervision Latch Failed Gate or Problem 5% Latch Failed 0% Inadequate Safety Door Fence Failed Source: Incidence reports from fire departments 18

Maricopa County Rates Water Death Rate per 100,000 Children Pool Incide. Rate per 100,000 Children Age 0-4 30 70 60 25 50 20 40 15 30 10 20 5 10 0 0 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 1986 1990 1994 1998 Year Water Deaths Pool Incidents 19

Knowledge Gaps • How many pools – Frequency of visits by children – How many have a barrier; what kinds • Swim lessons – Teaching “water skills” to young children – Age to start swim lessons • Risk to newcomers • Rates in cities with differing laws • Maintenance of barriers • CPR skills of the rescuers • Other bodies of water; other age groups 20

Further Information • ADHS websites – www.hs.state.az.us – http://www.hs.state.az.us/plan/ohpes.htm – http://www.hs.state.az.us/phs/phstats/meddir • Drowning Prevention Coalition website – http://www.preventdrowning.com/ • Tim Flood – 602-542-7331 – tflood@hs.state.az.us 21