Best practices for Sustainable protected agriculture system to cut on water and energy uses under GGC conditions Dr. Redouane Choukr-Allah & Dr. Abdelaziz Hirich Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016
Status and prospects of Agriculture Development in the Golf States Per capita “available” water share in GCC, In Kuwait, if current trends continue all oil production (2.5 Mbbl/d) will be consumed 1950-2010 locally by the year 2035 1400 45 180 40 1200 160 Total Oil Consumption (all sectors) 35 cubic meters per capita Population in millions 140 CPDP Oil Consumption 1000 30 120 % of 2.5 Mbbl/d 800 25 100 80 20 600 60 15 400 40 10 20 200 5 0 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 0 0 year 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016
Water uses in the GCC countries Agriculture uses over 85% of the available fresh water, 92% is used for dates and forage production Agriculture is prime target for water saving efforts. 90% of the food is imported (34 US $ bn). Improving water management and water productivity in agricultural systems is a major strategic issue for most GCC countries. Protected horticulture can play a key role Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016
Protected Agriculture in in some GCC Countries Country Greenhous Year Source e area (ha) UAE 441 2010 Ministry of Environment and Water Saudi Arabia 8921 2012 Ministry of Agriculture Kuwait 3337 2014 Central Statistics Bureau Bahreïn 73.8 2015 Abdulrazag, 2015 Oman 145 2015 Al Rawahy, 2015 Qatar 186.3 2015 Al Kharbotly, 2015 Total in some GCC countries 13104.1 Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016
Water and energy use efficiency under greenhouse and net house Structure description Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016
Water and energy use efficiency under greenhouse and net house Structure description The mist system with the shade net reduced temperature by about 6 ° C . The shade net without mist system reduced temperature by only 3 ° C .
Water and energy use efficiency under greenhouse and net house Structure description Average Water Use (L/m ² .day) Average Energy Use (Watt-hour/m ² .day) Irrigation Cooling 331.97 18.34 14.47 268.23 4.65 4.65 10.41 10.41 6.17 5.50 5.23 5.12 Sweet pepper Tomato Cucumber Sweet Pepper Sweet pepper Tomato Cucumber Sweet Pepper Greenhouse Nethouse Greenhouse Nethouse Irrigation Water Productivity (Kg/m3) Cooling Water Productivity (Kg/m3) Cucumber under Cucumber under Al Ameed 13.0 Al Ameed 17.3 net house net house Zeco 16.4 Zeco 21.7 Cetriolo 6.1 Cetriolo 8.1 Mitre 12.9 Mitre 17.1 Lazarino (Round) 8.5 Lazarino (Round) 2.4 Tomato under Tomato under greenhouse greenhouse Sarah (Round) 10.4 Sarah (Round) 3.0 S2 (Mini plum) 6.1 S2 (Mini plum) 1.7 S1 (Round) 5.9 S1 (Round) 1.7 Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016
Water and energy use efficiency under greenhouse and net house Structure description Energy Use Efficiency (Watt-hour/Kg) Cucumber under net Al Ameed 133 Zeco 112 house Cetriolo 276 Mitre 132 Lazarino (Round) 7488 Tomato under greenhouse Sarah (Round) 6210 S2 (Mini plum) 10744 S1 (Round) 10866 Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016
Water and energy use efficiency under greenhouse and net house Structure description Cucumber yield under greenhouse and net house (October- January) 200 177 180 167 164 162 160 141 Yield (kg/m2) 133 140 123 118 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 sand Coco peat sand Coco peat sand Coco peat sand Coco peat Zeco Alfrid Zeco Alfrid Greenhouse Net House Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016
New Generation of Green Houses to cut water consumption Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016
New Generation of Green Houses to cut water consumption • Evaporation of water from liquid desiccant to greenhouse air within the Absorber Box (regeneration 28°C of desiccant for next day) under use of heat from hot 41°C storage warm cold • Cooling of air and condensation/collection of water 8 50°C on extended northern wall 10 9 7 40°C • Return of desiccant concentrate to storage, while 40°C passing the solar collector for further radiative cooling • Further condensation/collection of water on greenhouse cover surface Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016
Use of saline or even seawater for cooling greenhouses 80% of water used in greenhouse is for cooling Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016
Hydroponic system to recycle drainage water Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016
Productivity of 1 m 3 of water in GCC Protected Agriculture Vs. Open Field PA 28.2kg PA 16.7kg OF 2.8kg OF 1.2kg Tomato Pepper ICARDA/QNFSP 2010 Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016
Conclusion Although many practices targeted at improving greenhouse productivity are agronomically and technically sound, it is also necessary to assess their economic and environmental sustainability in GCC countries The use of Screen-house hold a great opportunity for cutting water and energy while still producing food during the period October to June The use of saline water through the volcanic rock pad will reduce by 80% the fresh water used in the greenhouse production The use of closed hydroponic system allows to save water and nutrients however qualified technicians are required to manage and operate the system The use of local substrate as sand and organic matter increase the crop productivity and benefice compared to imported materials (coco peat, perlite … etc) The new generation greenhouse could save up to 90% of applied water under close protected agriculture and needs more applied research, development and adaptation Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016
A unique Center of Excellence looking at Agriculture for Tomorrow Thank you For more information and ICBA publications visit www.biosaline.com ICBA – International Center for Biosaline Agriculture is an international, non-profit organization that aims to strengthen agricultural productivity in marginal and saline environments through identifying, testing and facilitating access to sustainable solutions for food, nutrition and income security
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