Water Security and achievement of SDG 6 in context of the changing climate in Coastal Souhwest Dr Ainun Nishat C3ER, BRAC University
PROJECT BACKGROUND A project was taken to recommend water governance structure in local context • that will be inclusive and sustainable. A common issue across the country is centralized institutions follow a top-down • approach in the decision-making on water issues with almost no community engagement. Key issues South-West Bangladesh are impacted by floods, water logging, • droughts, reduction in water availability, over-extraction, water contamination. All of which is further exacerbated by erratic climatic conditions and lack of pro- • poor water governance systems. Competition of demand of water for the water supply and sanitation, • agriculture, industry, fisheries and wildlife, navigation, hydropower and recreation is accelerating day by day.
Activities • Stakeholder Analysis • Pani Somonnoy Committee Formation • Vulnerability Assessment • Problem analysis and Policy Brief • Past and Present Condition of Rivers • Water management plan
Satkhira District: At a Glance Socio Economic Satkhira district lies between 21º36' and 22º54' Information (BBS,2011) north latitudes and between 88º54' and 89º20' east Total 19,85,959 longitudes Temperature population Maximum Male 9,82,777 35.5 ° C Minimum Female 10,03,182 12.5 ° C Urban 1,40,572 Rainfall Other Urban 57,044 Annual rainfall Rural 17,88,343 1710 mm Annual growth 0.62 rate Geographical Sex Ratio 98 Information Households 4,69,890 (BBS,2011) (HH) 7 Upazila/Th Average HH 4.21 ana Size Union 79 Area sq. km 3817.29 Mauza 916 Density per sq. 520 Village 1,440 km Paurashava 2 Literacy (%) 52.1
SHYAMNAGAR UPAZILA Population - 300,000 • People living in Shyamnagar, • Satkhira district, Bangladesh, face severe climate induced hazards. The district is surrounded by a • complex river network consisting of: 1. Kholpetua 2. Kalindi 3. Madar 4. Kopotakkho.
Unions of Shyamnagar Upazila Bhurulia Munshiganj Kashimari Nurnagar Shyamnagar Sadar Padmapukur Ishwaripur Ramjan Nagar Burigowalini Atulia Kaikhali Gabura
STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
Computation of level of influence, impact and current level of support of stakeholders in water sector
Position of each stakeholder considering their influence, impact and support in the transboundary water issues in Bangladesh
PANI SHOMONNOY COMMITTEE
EFFECTIVE PANI SHOMONNOY (WATER) COMMITTEE Pani Shomonnoy Committee has been formed with representatives of • different professions. This committee comprises chairman, ward representatives, secretary and • members of different professions, BWDB, DPHE and Sushilan. Special arrangements for the government / donor organization will be • made in the form of fencing. Provide safe drinking water without public lease, open to all public ponds • and water bodies. Understanding the durable activities of infrastructure, washing and other • related issues to cope with climate change. National and international level infrastructures and river issues and public • opinion and spread awareness of the whole year. The Committee will also be responsible for continuing the relation • between the community and the local government to solve the water related problems
PANI SHOMONNOY COMMITTEE Committee Address/ Professions Padmapuku Kashimari Gabura Nurnagar Kaikhali Ramjannn Members r agar Chairman UP 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 - Ward Wards 1-3, 4-6, 7-9 3 3 3 3 3 3 Representati ve members 2 - Ward Ward 1 to 9 Representati 9 9 9 9 9 9 ve members Secretary UP 1 1 1 1 1 General Freedom Fighter, Members Teacher, Imam, Farmer, Worshiper, 15 18 21 22 19 19 BWDB, DPHE, Sushilan and others Total No. of Members 29 32 35 35 33 33
PROBLEM & VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS
E NVIRONMENTAL CONDITION IN S HYAMNAGAR UPAZILA • Located in Southwest part of the country and can be considered as one of the highest disaster affected site of Bangladesh. • Due to consecutive disastrous calamities, both environmental and socio-economic condition of the peoples living in these areas are affected. • Salinity intrusion, Unhygienic water resources, Change in cropping pattern, Water logging, Ecosystem and biodiversity loss, Harmful impact on Sundarbans etc. are major environmental issues of ShyamnagarUpazila.
S OCIO - ECONOMIC C ONDITION I N S HYAMNAGAR U PAZILA • Due to continuous stroke of climate as well as transboundary river issues, this social as well as economic stability is getting hampered continuously. • Major socio-economic issues- – Severe roads and embankments destruction, – river erosion, – damage of tube wells, – change in livelihood pattern, – shelter destruction, – increase in poverty, – health issues like raise in malnutrition, – growth of social conflicts etc.
S EASONAL C ALENDAR (A S PERCEIVED BY FARMERS )
H AZARD C ALENDAR OF S ATKHIRA D ISTRICT ( BASED ON PERCEPTION OF LOCAL COMMUNITY )
V ULNERABILITY DRIVERS AND IMPACTS
• Sessions held at Union Parishad offices in Shyamnagar involved the members to rank and prioritize their problems related to water. Problems were identified and ranked by local authorities. 120 Problems ranked according to… 100 80 60 40 20 0
M AJOR P ROBLEMS 1. Scarcity of safe water – The area faces scarcity of safe water for various household purposes. – Water used from ponds and rivers for drinking and cooking purposes are not 100% hygienic and sources are not sustainable especially during dry seasons when water reduces and there is no rainfall. – Sufficient water tanks are not available and pipeline systems are not installed. – Irrigation requires a huge amount of water thus drinking water from ponds need to be shared with water for agricultural needs.
M AJOR P ROBLEMS 2. Salinity intrusion – Ghers are not separated from agricultural lands thus leaching caused saline water to be infused in the nearby areas. This is causing salinity to increase in ponds and groundwater. – Intensive irrigation caused ground water to be extracted from shallow tubewells, thus contributing to salinity intrusion. – Transboundary river issues also impact salinity intrusion in this region.
M AJOR P ROBLEMS 3. Water logging – Considerable parts of the region have been experiencing water logging almost every year since 2000 and water can often take up to six months to recede. – Paddy cultivation is done inside shrimp and crab ghers , in leased out sections cut out in the middle of the ghers . – When water rises, it is kept in the crop land as gher owners refuse to let water pass onto their lands. – Unavailability of sluice gates is also a major reason of water logging.
M AJOR P ROBLEMS 4. River bank erosion – Many have had to move their homes many times when river banks eroded and destroyed nearby areas. – This takes a toll on their economic well-being as relocating and rehabilitation needs financial support. – There are some sluice gates in the area but most are inactive.
M AJOR P ROBLEMS 5. Cyclone/Storm surge/Inundation – The area suffers from frequent storm surges and cyclones. – Inundation becomes difficult to deal with as people do not have proper access to safe houses and shelters. – Infrastructural and development deficit in the area also are major reasons that hamper livelihoods during natural disasters.
Impacts of upstream water diversion to Bangladesh
POLICY GAP ANALYSIS
SECTORAL POLICIES • National Water Policy, 1999 Water • Nation Water Management Plan, 2001 • Coastal Zone Policy, 2005 • National Agriculture Policy, 2013 Agriculture • Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action plan (BCCSAP), 2009 • National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA), 2015 Water supply and • National Policy for Safe Water Supply and Sanitation, 1998 Sanitation • National Water Policy, 1999 Health • National Health Policy, 2011 Disaster • National Disaster Management policy, 2015 management • Standing Orders Disasters- LGED, 2010
Transboundary river PROBLEMS Salinity rise impacts in local Land Use conflicts water management National Agriculture National Water Coastal Zone Policy Policy (SECTION Management Plan (SECTION 4.1. b.) POLICIES 12) (SECTION 1.6.4.) Appropriate Enhance measures will be standard of living Treaties securing taken to stop the of coastal GAPS & Bangladesh’s trend of using communities by agricultural land share of the flows RECOMMEND investing in for non- of the other 53 different sectors agricultural transboundary ATIONS like marine purpose such as rivers should private fisheries, salt ideally be construction in the production, brought into light of the Land shrimp culture, place. Policy of the crab culture, etc. government. Policy Update Salinity Reduction Land Use Percentage
Recommend
More recommend
