DO CELLPHONES CAUSE VISION LOSS? � Presented By Group 11 � Dana Ben-Zaid � Robyn Garrido � Hana Ismail � Nefeli Kotopoulos � Jessica Lortie �
FACTS VS. MYTHS � WHAT DO CELLPHONES CAUSE? WHAT DON’T CELL PHONES CAUSE? Eye-dryness Macular Degeneration Vision-loss Strain Permanent damage Retinol Sensitivity Difficulty Refocusing Eyes Double-vision
POLL #1 � HOW MANY PEOPLE FEEL THEY HAVE EXPERIENCED THESE SYMPTOMS FROM USING SMART-PHONES?
S C I E N T I F I C R E S E A R C H LACKS STUDIES TO MEASURE CELLPHONES & VISION LOSS
3 KEY STUDIES � Using Cellphones at Cellphone distance Reading from Smart- Night � from eyes � phones vs. Books �
STUDY 1 � Distance Between Phone Screen and Eyes � Participants � Experiment � Evaluation � Conclusion � � � Manipulated University students of Measured difficulty Found that 83% of distance between similar health and refocusing and eye- students experienced eyes and phone age � strain � symptoms (44% had eye screens & type of light (black/ white) � strain) � �
STUDY 2 � Effects of Blue Light on Eye Strain � Found that blue light Observed Tested vision using can cause difficulty individuals who psychophysical testing adapting to the light use their phone at & electroretinography � (visual sensitivity) � night over time � � �
STUDY 3 � Severity of Symptoms � Participants (of same age range) read from smart phone & from a book for 60 mins. � ê � Participants rated symptoms on a score of 0-10 � ê � Ran four statistical tests on the data � ê � Concluded that there is a difference in the severity of symptoms but it is not large � * Limitation: participants were aware of the format they were using for reading; answers may be subjective �
TIPS FOR PREVENTING TEMPORARY SYMPTOMS � DISTANCE � 20-20-20 RULE � Every 20 mins, look Keep Phone at a � Distance of 25cm � at an object 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds � USE BOTH EYES � DISPLAY OPTIONS � Use night mode Don’t rest one eye or turn down on your pillow while brightness � looking at your phone �
OUR CONCLUSION � Although overuse of a smartphones may cause a number of symptoms, all symptoms are temporary and completely avoidable . There is no conclusive , scientific evidence linking cell-phone use to permanent vision-loss . � �
POLL #2 � HOW MANY PEOPLE STILL BELIEVE THAT CELLPHONES CAUSE VISION LOSS?
THANK-YOU! �
REFERENCES � Aggarwal, K. (2013). Twenty-six percent doctors suffer from severe mobile phone-induced anxiety: � Excessive use of mobile phone can be injurious to your health. Indian Journal of Clinical Practice, � 24 (1), 7-9. Retrieved March 30, 2018, from http://medind.nic.in/iaa/iaam.shtml � � Alim-Marvasti, A., Bi, W., Mahroo, O. A., Barbur, J. L., & Plant, G. T. (2016). Transient � � smartphone “blindness”. New England Journal of Medicine,374 (25), 2502-2504. doi:10.1056/ � nejmc1514294 � � Antona, B., Barrio, A. R., Gascó, A., Pinar, A., González-Pérez, M., & Puell, M. C. (2018). Symptoms � associated with reading from a smartphone in conditions of light and dark. Applied Ergonomics, 68 , � 12-17. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2017.10.014 � � Kaido, M., Toda, I., Oobayashi, T., Kawashima, M., Katada, Y., & Tsubota, K. (2016). Reducing short- � wavelength blue light in dry eye patients with unstable tear film improves performance on tests of � visual acuity. Plos One,11 (4). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152936 � � Sadagopan, A., Manivel, Marimuthu., Nagaraj, H., Ratnam K, et al. (2017). Prevalence of smart phone � users at risk for developing cell phone vision syndrome among college students. Journal of � Psychology and Psychotherapy , 7 (299). doi:10.4172/2161-0487.1000299 � �
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