SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES Distributed Energy Technologies Laboratory (DETL) APEC-ISGAN Workshop Smart Grid International Research Facility Network (SIRFN) January 24-25, 2012 Washington, DC Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE -AC04-94AL85000. SAND2009-2801P
Country/Economy Smart Grid Needs (Testbed Perspective) • Easily reconfigurable infrastructure for a variety of experiments • Protocols in place to apply international standards • Ability to assess components (hardware-in-the-loop) and integrated systems • Ability to work at large scale, to simulate “real - world” grid-level effects • High level of rigor in data collection, calibration, and accuracy • Multiple layers of infrastructure: power systems, data/information processing, communications
DETL: A Reconfigurable Smart-Grid Testbed • Optimization of new DG/DER • Scenarios components and systems – Grid-connected and off-grid – R&D and product development – Controllable loads simulate residential, commercial – Pre-commercial testing and – Multiple sources characterization – Protocol and standards – Energy storage development – Home/building/network EMS – Demonstration
DETL Features • 150 kW PV • 1MW-hr storage Offices capability • 250 kW inverter capacity Lab Facilities • 3-Ø, 1-Ø µ-grids • Communications infrastructure Energy (ethernet, wireless, Storage Test Pad PLC) • 10-node residential • µ-inverter testbed Linkages to smart-grid field demos: • 200kW diesel genset - Mesa del Sol - PNM Prosperity project - NMSU campus microgrid - Others
3-Phase 480Vac Node/Microgrid (3-phase) turbine Micro
1-Phase 120Vac Node/Microgrid
Labview-based SCADA/EMS Platform
Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) GPS clock PMU 1 Phasor Data Concentrator PMU 2
External PMU Network 18 MW PV Plant in southern CO DETLPMU 500 kW PV/Battery Site in Central NM Sandia PDC 500 kW PV Plant in Northern NM Microgrid Site at NMSU (planned) Future PMU
Test Capabilities • Arc Fault Detection and Mitigation • Intentional Islanding, voltage control • Emerging Communication Protocols
Solar Reconfigurable Open Architecture Design (ROAD) • Replicate high PV penetration at residential scale • Full flexibility at each node • PV system • Energy storage • Programmable loads Service transformer • Smart Meter • Utility/Home EMS Single-phase Lateral, 12.47 kV
Large Inverter Testbed 12.47 kV 480 V 250 kW 3-Phase Inverter Testbed Xfrmr 500 kVa 3-phase Program. PV Array Existing DETL Series AC Simulator Reactor 3-Phase Source Node/Microgrid AC • Fully programmable AC and DC sources • Ability to test larger PV inverters • Ability to create 3-phase 480V microgrid setup PV with “feeder” impedance Inverter Under Test DC
Large-Scale Energy Storage Testbed PV/WIND SIMULATOR 1 MW (FUTURE) DETL Tie
Value of an International Collaboration • DETL works with many industry partners interested in global markets • Advances in power electronics are taking place across the globe – access to latest in new developments • Greater knowledge/understanding of standards and protocols from other parts of world can facilitate in- country development • Development and operations of test facilities can benefit from knowledge of testbed innovations in other countries
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