10/9/2018 Diagnosing and Treating American Democracy in 2018 Matt Motyl @MattMotyl New York University – Stern School of Business OpenMind Civil Politics I may not have voted for him but he’s my president, and I hope he does a good job . - John Wayne, 1960 1
10/9/2018 I hope he fails . - Rush Limbaugh, 2008 You could put half of Trump’s supporters into what I call the basket of deplorables … they are irredeemable , but thankfully they are not America . 2
10/9/2018 She’s such a nasty woman . Hillary wants to abolish -- essentially abolish the Second Amendment. By the way, if she gets to pick, if she gets to pick her judges, nothing you can do, folks. Although the Second Amendment people, maybe there is . Graph 1: Congress is polarized, most ever Source: PolarizedAmerica.com (McCarty, Poole, & Rosenthal, 2006, 2014) 3
10/9/2018 Graph 2: Voters most polarized, ever (Iyengar, Sood, & Lelkes, 2012) But, why? • The news media • Fake news / bad science • Money, money, money 4
10/9/2018 Political Segregation Motyl, 2016 Political Segregation Motyl, 2016 5
10/9/2018 Political Segregation Motyl, 2016 Political Segregation Motyl, 2016 6
10/9/2018 Political Segregation Motyl, 2016 Political Segregation Motyl, 2016 7
10/9/2018 Political Segregation Motyl, 2016 8
10/9/2018 Segregation Gives Way to Divergent Life Experiences Political Segregation Isn’t Just Geographic 9
10/9/2018 Segregation Drives Attitude Polarization Liberals Conservatives Black Lives Matter Gun Control/Rights Capital Punishment (Keating, Van Boven, & Judd, 2016; Moscovici & Zavalloni, 1969) Segregation Drives Attitude Polarization Pro-vaccines Anti-vaccines Black Lives Matter Capital Punishment Vaccine Attitudes 10
10/9/2018 Segregation Reduces Cross-Group Relationships It becomes much easier to say nasty things about people when you know you don’t have to face their families at the dinner table. - Fmr. Rep. Jim Leach (IA) Segregation Drives Dislike of Those People Liberals Conservatives Liking for us and disliking for them (Motyl, Johnson, Graham, & Haidt, under review; Motyl & Melton, 2018) (Motyl, 2016) 11
10/9/2018 Segregation Drives Dislike of Those People Those people care about different issues, have different information, and think differently. How might we improve cultural competence? 12
10/9/2018 How Might We Improve Dialogue Between Groups? • There must be a way… • Building relationships through extended contact (Wright et al., 1997) • Civil Politics (www.civilpolitics.org) Building Relationships Cultural Competence • If segregation is critical to moral, political, and perhaps even medical preference polarization, then integration may be one treatment to reduce the polarization. • 3-year longitudinal study in all 50 states 13
10/9/2018 Intervention Outcomes 2.0 Cultural INcompetence Pre-Intervention Post-Intervention 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Political Manichaeism Polarization Hostile Activism Promoting Cultural Competence • Training skills to improve cultural competence • OpenMind Platform (openmindplatform.org) 14
10/9/2018 • 5 training modules • Viewpoint Diversity • Intellectual Humility • Reasoning (and Bias) • Roots of Different Views • Constructive Disagreement • Assessments before, during, after, and much later https://openmindplatform.org/ • Designed for schools, universities, and organizations • View member completion status • Gamification • Basic program free • Customizable • In 262+ universities, 30+ high schools, 30+ organizations and corporations in the US https://openmindplatform.org/ 15
10/9/2018 Can We Promote Cultural Competence? Cultural Competence What are other consequences of this program? Polarization 16
10/9/2018 How might we improve dialogue across group divides? • Escape our bubbles! • Try to understand what matters to them • Speak to them in ways that they understand… and does not insult them Diagnosis: Malignant Cultural Conflict Condition: Serious Treatment Rx: Burst our bubbles (motivational interviewing) Address their concerns when talking (client- centered) 17
10/9/2018 Thank you! • Ph.D. Students • Funding & Data: • Zach Melton • JP Prims • openmindplatform.org • civilpolitics.org Email: matt.motyl@gmail.com Twitter: @MattMotyl 18
10/9/2018 It’s become safer to retreat into our own bubbles… surrounded by people who look like us & share the same political outlook & never challenge our assumptions… [this] trend is a threat to our democracy. Anti-vaxxers Cultural competency / sensitivity patient centered, joint decision-making… but patients often don’t have background to make informed decisions and are sometimes empowered with internet ignorance; How do you talk to someone who makes decisions based on fake news? (autism; hormone-replacement therapy risks and benefits; alternative therapies) Motivational interviewing – interviewing patients to try to figure out what motivates them and what they care about… then frame treatment in terms of that These are about building relationships with patients 19
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