Developing the use of Developing the use of digestate in the UK digestate in the UK Clare T. Lukehurst Clare T. Lukehurst Task 3 7 ( UK) PROBI OGAS Task 3 7 ( UK) PROBI OGAS I EA Bioenergy Task 3 7 Sem inar I EA Bioenergy Task 3 7 Sem inar th April 2 0 0 9 Jyvaskyla Finland 2 8 th April 2 0 0 9 Jyvaskyla Finland 2 8
Government’s shared goals for Government’s shared goals for anaerobic digestion anaerobic digestion � I n UK anaerobic digestion w ill be: I n UK anaerobic digestion w ill be: � � Established technology Established technology � � Produce renew able energy ( for heat, Produce renew able energy ( for heat, � pow er & transport pow er & transport � Mitigate m ethane em ission from Mitigate m ethane em ission from � agriculture agriculture � Divert m ethane organic w aste from Divert m ethane organic w aste from � landfill landfill Source: DEFRA
Huge resource or problem Huge resource or problem DEFRA calculations: DEFRA calculations: 1 0 0 m illion tonnes of organic material tonnes of organic material 1 0 0 m illion of w hich of w hich 1 2 - - 2 0 m illion 2 0 m illion tonnes of food waste inc.50% tonnes of food waste inc.50% 1 2 source separated MSW source separated MSW 9 0 m illion tonnes of animal manure tonnes of animal manure 9 0 m illion 1 .7 3 million tonnes of sewage sludge million tonnes of sewage sludge 1 .7 3 Digestate output approxim ately 8 0 m t/ year Digestate output approxim ately 8 0 m t/ year Source: DEFRA Source: DEFRA
Digestate a source of nutrients Digestate a source of nutrients Quantity difficult to Quantity difficult to assess – – depends depends assess Source Source Total Total P P 2 O O K K 2 O O on TS content of on TS content of 2 2 N N Kg/ t Kg/ t Kg/ t Kg/ t the feedstock the feedstock Kg/ t Kg/ t Food w aste 1 1 Food w aste 8 .0 8 .0 2 .5 2 .5 3 .8 4 3 .8 4 Sources: Sources: Anim al Anim al 6 .0 6 .0 2 .2 9 2 .2 9 6 .9 6 .9 1 Biocycle 1 Biocycle m anure 2 2 m anure 2 I ndicative average 2 I ndicative average Sew age 7 .5 9 .0 Trace Sew age 7 .5 9 .0 Trace 3 .MAFF RB 2 0 9 3 .MAFF RB 2 0 9 3 sludge 3 sludge
Using the biofertiliser produced Using the biofertiliser produced in a farm digester in a farm digester NH - N N P O K O NH 4 - P 2 O K 2 O 5 4 2 5 2 Crop dem and / t 1 5 2 8 1 9 8 Crop dem and / t 1 5 2 8 1 9 8 From ow n biofertiliser/ t 1 1 8 1 1 8 1 0 4 1 0 4 1 8 0 1 8 0 From ow n biofertiliser/ t ( Digestate from m aize & ( Digestate from m aize & grass silage, m anure, & grass silage, m anure, & citrus pulp) citrus pulp) Deficit to be m ade up from Deficit to be m ade up from 3 4 3 4 None None None None m ineral fertiliser m ineral fertiliser tonnes tonnes Gross saving on purchase of m ineral fertiliser £ 3 7 ,0 0 0 Euros Source: M.A.Piper & Son Farm s
Producing digestate Producing digestate � Farm ers ow n biogas plants co Farm ers ow n biogas plants co- - � digesting anim al m anure w ith energy digesting anim al m anure w ith energy crops crops � Farm energy enterprises with food Farm energy enterprises with food � waste and other industrial residues waste and other industrial residues ) ( Major governm ent initiative ) ( Major governm ent initiative � Local authority/ environmental Local authority/ environmental � resource management company resource management company owned plants ( Rapid uptake of AD) Rapid uptake of AD) owned plants (
Producing digestate: farm plants Producing digestate: farm plants Farm scale plants 5 ,0 0 0 -3 0 ,0 0 0 tonnes per year. Process ow n slurry or co-digest w ith energy crops Photo: Courtesy of Greenfinch Ltd (now Biogengreenfinch Ltd)
Producing digestate: farm energy Producing digestate: farm energy enterprise enterprise Farm scale 4 0 ,0 0 0 t/ year co- digestion of pig m anure w ith source separated m unicipal w aste ( food) collected from households, food processing plants including anim al by- Photo : Courtesy of Biogen (UK) now Biogengreenfinch Ltd products, etc
Producing digestate - - A centralised A centralised Producing digestate biogas plant biogas plant 1 4 6 ,0 0 0 t/ year Constructed in 2 0 0 2 to co-digest anim al m anure and industrial w astes from the food processing industries including anim al by-products but since 2 0 0 7 co-digests m ainly residues from the food processing industries Photo: Courtesy Charles Clarke, Holsworthy Biogas
Quality protocol for production and use Quality protocol for production and use of quality outputs from AD of source of quality outputs from AD of source separated biodegradable waste separated biodegradable waste � Required by the Environment Agency Required by the Environment Agency � to define when the digestate can be to define when the digestate can be used as a product rather than a used as a product rather than a waste waste � Describes how the digestate is to be Describes how the digestate is to be � used used � Would not be applicable in Scotland Would not be applicable in Scotland � Source: WRAP Source: WRAP � �
Main purpose of the protocol Main purpose of the protocol � Clarifies when waste controls are no Clarifies when waste controls are no � longer required longer required � Ensures environmental protection Ensures environmental protection � � Provides users with certainty that the Provides users with certainty that the � product conforms with a standard product conforms with a standard Source: WRAP Source: WRAP
Need for a quality protocol Need for a quality protocol � Confidence in the product Confidence in the product � � Clarity for regulators and regulated Clarity for regulators and regulated � � W aste status a barrier W aste status a barrier � � Developm ent of a quality protocol Developm ent of a quality protocol � depends on the existence of a quality depends on the existence of a quality specification specification � Builds on experience from PAS 1 0 0 Builds on experience from PAS 1 0 0 � for com post for com post Source :W RAP
Key elements of standard (PAS 110) Key elements of standard (PAS 110) Defined input list Defined input list � � Source segregated biowastes Source segregated biowastes Biodegradable non – –waste material waste material Biodegradable non Allows for packaged waste Allows for packaged waste Supply agreem ent w ith w aste supplier Supply agreem ent w ith w aste supplier � � AD operator knows what inputs are AD operator knows what inputs are AD operator undertakes analysis as appropriate AD operator undertakes analysis as appropriate Process control Process control � � A badly run plant will produce a bad product A badly run plant will produce a bad product Minimum quality set for whole digestate & separated fibre Minimum quality set for whole digestate & separated fibre Source: W RAP Source: W RAP
Pasteurisation Pasteurisation � ABPR treatment or equivalent for all waste ABPR treatment or equivalent for all waste � � Pasteurisation required if material moved Pasteurisation required if material moved � between farms between farms � Not required if the input m aterial is Not required if the input m aterial is � produced and used on the sam e farm produced and used on the sam e farm Regular sam pling and analysis covers Regular sam pling and analysis covers pathogens, PTEs, stability, physical contaminants pathogens, PTEs, stability, physical contaminants & provides nutrient declaration & provides nutrient declaration Source: W RAP Source: W RAP
The current position The current position � Quality protocol awaiting signing off Quality protocol awaiting signing off � by the EC Technical Standards by the EC Technical Standards Committee – – Formal issue 2009 Formal issue 2009 Committee � PAS 110 ( the Standard) awaiting PAS 110 ( the Standard) awaiting � the final work on the stability and the final work on the stability and the PTE limits the PTE limits � Aim to finalise Spring 2009 Aim to finalise Spring 2009 � � Will be available as pdf Will be available as pdf �
Government capital grant Government capital grant support support W RAP organics capital grant program m es W RAP organics capital grant program m es Proven technologies - Proven technologies - 1 6 .1 5 M Euros ( England, Scotland NI ) - 1 6 .1 5 M Euros ( England, Scotland NI ) - - W elsh Assem bly 4 2 .4 M Euros capital grants W elsh Assem bly 4 2 .4 M Euros capital grants - New Environm ental Transform ation Fund - New Environm ental Transform ation Fund - Cutting edge technology 1 0 .0 6 M Euro - Cutting edge technology 1 0 .0 6 M Euro - ( England only) ( England only) 1 0 6 M Euros announced in the April 2 0 0 9 - 1 0 6 M Euros announced in the April 2 0 0 9 - budget for the anaerobic digestion of food budget for the anaerobic digestion of food w aste w aste Exchange rate 1 .0 6 Euros = £ 1 Exchange rate 1 .0 6 Euros = £ 1 - -
The route to certification Info Digestate Producer REA Secretariat Chooses Standard PAS 110 Contracts & CB to CB Technical Advisory Contracted Approved UKAS Committee Certification Body Independent Committee NO YES Complies with Quality Digestate remains QP and PAS 110 Digestate a waste ? Source: Renew able Energy Association
Recommend
More recommend
