DESERTEC: Solar Power from the Desert Franz Trieb DLR Stuttgart - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

DESERTEC: Solar Power from the Desert Franz Trieb DLR Stuttgart September 2009 Folie 1

Trans-Mediterranean High Voltage Direct Current Electricity Grid: Interstate Highways for Renewable Electricity in EUMENA EUMENA: Europe Middle East North Africa www.desertec.org Folie 2

AQUA-CSP AQUA-CSP TRANS-CSP TRANS-CSP Studies: MED-CSP MED-CSP Assessment of the renewable energy potential for the sustainable supply of electricity and water in 50 countries of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa taking into consideration the option of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP). Folie 3

50 Countries in EUMENA analysed Europe (EU) Scandinavia Western Europe Eastern Europe South-Eastern Europe Western Asia North Africa Arabian Peninsula Middle East & North Africa (MENA) Folie 4

Criteria for Sustainable Electricity Supply:  Inexpensive low electricity cost no long term subsidies  Secure diversified and redundant supply power on demand based on inexhaustible resources available or at least visible technology capacities expandable in time  Compatible low pollution climate protection low risks for health and environment fair access Folie 5

Portfolio of Energy Sources for Electricity:  Coal, Lignite ideally stored  Oil, Gas primary energy  Nuclear Fission, Fusion  Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)  Geothermal Power (Hot Dry Rock) storable primary  Biomass energy  Hydropower  Wind Power fluctuating  Photovoltaic primary  Wave / Tidal energy Folie 6

Renewable Energy Technologies Geothermal Hydropower Concentrating Biomass Solar Power Tides Waves Photovoltaic Wind Power Folie 7 http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/inhalt/36983/35338/

Concentrating Solar Power Parabolic Trough (PSA) Solar Tower (SNL) over 1000 °C Up to 550 °C Gas Turbines, Steam Turbines Engines Linear Fresnel (MAN/SPG) Dish-Stirling (SBP) Folie 8

Principle of a Conventional Thermal Power Plant Principle of a Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Plant • concentrated, easily Thermal Concentrating storable solar thermal Energy Solar Collector energy as fuel saver Storage Field (Mirrors) Solar • spinning reserve Fuel Heat Electricity • firm capacity, power on demand Thermal Process Heat Power Cycle • combined generation of (e.g. Steam process heat for cooling, Turbine) industry, desalination, etc. Folie 9

Folie 10 www.solarmillennium.de ANDASOL 1, Guadix, Spain (50 MW, 7 h Storage, 2009)

High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Voltage: ± 800.000 Volt Power: 6400 Megawatt Length: 2070 km Source: Hydropower http://www.abb.com Folie 11 http://www.siemens.com

Renewable Electricity Potential in Europe, Middle East & North Africa Solar (10-250) Biomass (0-1) Geothermal (0-1) Max Min Electricity Yield Hydropower (0-50) Wind Energy (5-50) in GWh/km²/y Folie 12

Economic Renewable Electricity Potentials vs. Demand in EUMENA > 630000 16000 Solar 14000 Electricity in TWh/y Geothermal 12000 How Does a Hydro Sustainable Mix 10000 Wind Look Like? 8000 Biomass Wave/Tide 6000 Desalination 4000 MENA 2000 Europe 0 Potentials Demand 2000 Demand 2050 Folie 13

Installed Capacity vs. Peak Load in EUMENA 2400 2400 Photovoltaic Wind Power 2000 2000 Installed Capacity [GW] Geothermal Hydropower 1600 1600 Biomass Tidal/Wave 1200 1200 CSP Import/Export Desalination Oil & Gas 800 800 Coal Nuclear 400 400 5000 h/a 2000 h/a Firm Capacity Peak Load 0 0 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Year  100 % availability plus 25 % reserve capacity www.dlr.de/tt/trans-csp Folie 14

Firm Power Capacity based on Renewables and Fuel (no fossil or nuclear base load supply) 60 50 Power Supply [GW] 40 30 20 10 0 25.6. 26.6. 27.6. 28.6. 29.6. 30.6. 1.7. Combined Heat & Power Domestic Renewables Solar Import Import & Pump Storage Balancing Power (fossil) Surplus Folie 15 Hourly Model Germany 2050 (Brischke 2005)

Availability and Redundancy  Power on Demand by a Mix of Fluctuating and Balancing Sources  Increased Number of Non-Correlated Energy Sources  Increased Number and Reduced Average Size of Power Plants  Increased Number of Supply Regions  Additional HVDC Grid Infrastructure for Long-Distance Transfer  Domestic Sources Dominate the Electricity Mix  Non-depletable Sources Dominate the Electricity Mix  Strategy is Based on Proven Technologies Folie 16

Carbon emissions of EUMENA power sector are reduced to 38 % until 2050 in spite of a quickly growing demand 4000 Avoided 3500 Import Solar CO2-Emissions in Mt/y Photovoltaics 3000 Wind 2500 Geothermal Hydropower 2000 Wave / Tidal 1500 Biomass CSP Plants 1000 Oil / Gas 500 Coal Nuclear 0 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Year 1% of Land Area Required Folie 17

Environmental Security  Reduced Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Power Generation  Reduced Risks of Nuclear Radiation and Proliferation  Reduced Local Pollution by Combustion Products  Optimal Land Use (1%) through Diversified Mix  Technology based on Recyclable Materials Folie 18

Equipment Cost Learning Curves Folie 19 http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/pdf/weto_final_report.pdf

www.oilnergy.com Coal Price Nuclear Decommissioning Cost National Audit Office UK Nuclear Decommissioning Authority UK 11 GW Capacity 61 £ Billion of 2007 = 6000 €/kW Folie 20 http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/0708/the_nuclear_decommissioning_au.aspx

Electricity Cost (Example Spain) 8.0 Electricity Cost [c/kWh] 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 Investment Phase Profit Phase 4.5 4.0 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Year TRANS-CSP Mix BaU Mix 2000 € 2000 , Fuel Cost: IEA / WEO 2005, after 2020 CCS Folie 21

Economic Security  Economic Risk Hedged by Increased Portfolio  Intrinsic Trend to Lower Cost and Lower Price Volatility  Energy Cost Stabilization through Investment in New Sources  Prevention of Cost Escalation due to Environmental Constraints  Prevention of Cost Escalation due to Scarcity  Reduction of Energy Subsidies in Europe and MENA Folie 22

Import Dependency of European Power Generation 90% Energy Import for Power Generation 80% Import Dependency 70% in TRANS-CSP Scenario 60% 50% 40% 30% Current Trend of Import Dependency 20% 10% 0% 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Year Folie 23 www.dlr.de/tt/trans-csp

Solar Power & Desalination Plants Energy, HVDC Line Water, Food, Labor and Income for further 300 Million People Conventional AC Grid in MENA ? (artist view created with Folie 24 Google Earth)

Political Security  Conflict Prevention between EU and MENA Reducing Pressure on Fuels  Conflict Prevention in MENA Solving Energy and Water Scarcity  Conflict Prevention in Europe Increasing Energy Diversity  Reduction of European Energy Import Dependency  Addition of Energy Corridors for European Supply  Initiating EU-MENA (Energy) Partnership Folie 25

Challenges  Requires New Structures and New Thinking (Change of Paradigm)  Requires Long-Term Financing Schemes due to Long-Term Investments  Based on International Cooperation and Interdependencies  Higher Complexity than Using Ideally Stored Fossil Energy Sources  More Stakeholders Involved due to Decentralized Generation  Cultural and Political Differences in EUMENA  Lobby Groups Acting Against Each Other  Speed of Environmental Change and Conflict Potentials Folie 26

Thank You! Folie 27 www.dlr.de/desertec

Folie 28 Some Background Information

Total EU-MENA HVDC Interconnection 2020 – 2050 * Year 2020 2030 2040 2050 Lines x Capacity GW 4 x 2.5 16 x 2.5 28 x 2.5 40 x 2.5 Transfer TWh/y 60 230 470 700 Capacity Factor 0.60 0.67 0.75 0.80 Turnover Billion €/y 3.8 12.5 24 35 Land Area CSP 15 x 15 30 x 30 40 x 40 50 x 50 3100 x 0.1 3600 x 0.4 3600 x 0.7 3600 x 1.0 km x km HVDC Cum. Investment CSP 42 134 245 350 Billion € HVDC 5 16 31 45 Elec. Cost CSP 0.050 0.045 0.040 0.040 €/kWh HVDC 0.014 0.010 0.010 0.010 * All countries analysed in TRANS-CSP www.dlr.de/tt/trans-csp Folie 29

Effect of Thermal Energy Storage on the Availability of CSP 9000 8000 Annual Full Load Hours [h/y] 7000 SM4 6000 SM3 5000 SM2 SM1 4000 ANDASOL 1 3000 Nevada Solar 1 2000 SM2 SM2 SM3 SM3 SM4 SM4 SM1 SM1 1000 0 Solar Solar Field Field Solar Solar Field Field Solar Solar Field Field Solar Solar Field Field 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 Direct Normal Irradiation [kWh/m²/y] Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage 1 1 2 2 3 3 SM = Solar Multiple 1 Solar Field = 6000 m²/MW 1 Storage = 6 hours (full load) Electricity Electricity Power Block Power Block Folie 30 www.dlr.de/tt/csp-resources

Electricity Supply in Europe (TRANS-CSP Scenario) 4500 Import Solar 4000 Photovoltaics Electricity [TWh/y] 3500 Wind Geothermal 3000 Hydropower 2500 Biomass Wave / Tidal 2000 CSP Plants 1500 Oil Gas 1000 Coal Nuclear 500 0 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Year Folie 31 www.dlr.de/tt/trans-csp