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Demetres Briassoulis AUA-DNRAE Virtual Final STAR-ProBio Workshop, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 11, 2023 •424 likes •604 views

Sustainability Transition Assessment and Research of Bio-based Products Grant Agreement Number 727740 Proposed techno-economic sustainability criteria for alternative end of life options and recirculation of post-consumer bio-based products

  1. Sustainability Transition Assessment and Research of Bio-based Products Grant Agreement Number 727740 Proposed techno-economic sustainability criteria for alternative end of life options and recirculation of post-consumer bio-based products Virtual Final STAR-ProBio Workshop, April 28 th 2020 Demetres Briassoulis – AUA-DNRAE Virtual Final STAR-ProBio Workshop, 28/4/2020 Agricultural University of Athens

  2. 1. Sustainable bioeconomy • Circular economy: 1 • Circular system resource inputs and outputs are minimized through the design for recirculation and long lasting loops of reuse following repair, remanufacturing and refurbishing and also recycling, and upcycling • Bioeconomy: • Renewable resources of biological origin • The processing methods used in biorefineries aim at valorising the biomass as resource for the production of bioenergy and bio-based materials • Sustainable bioeconomy : 2 • The renewable segment of the circular economy • The sustainable circular bioeconomy turns biogenic waste and residues into renewable resources for the production of added value bio-based materials 1 Zuin, V.G. & Ramin, L.Z. Top Curr Chem (Z) (2018) 376: 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-017-0182-z 1 European Commission, A sustainable bioeconomy for Europe: strengthening the connection between 2 economy, society and the environment, Updated Bioeconomy Strategy, 2018; doi:10.2777/792130 Virtual Final STAR-ProBio Workshop, 28/4/2020 Agricultural University of Athens -DNRAE 2

  3. ➢ EoU/EoL routes for post-consumer and scrap bio-based products sustainable circular bioeconomy Recovered bio-based materials = • Reuse New bio-based raw materials • Recovery Β io-based plastics EoU/EoL recovery routes hierarchy: a) Material recovery: • Mechanical recycling Recirculation into the • Chemical or feedstock recycling Manufacturing of bio- production system or b) Organic recycling based plastics - • through industrial Aerobic composting Biorefinery • Anaerobic digestion symbiosis c) Energy recovery By-products, Products, market, By-products, Products, market, Post-industrial Post-consumer Post-industrial Post-consumer • Landfilling The Circular Economy Package (EC) sets new EU recovery targets by 2030: Recycling: 65% of municipal waste; 75% of packaging waste; Landfilling: Binding max 10% of municipal waste; Ban landfilling of separately collected waste Virtual Final STAR-ProBio Workshop, 28/4/2020 Agricultural University of Athens -DNRAE 3

  4. 2. Techno-economic sustainability methodology • Techno-economic sustainability criteria: • Criteria to assure the feasibility and viability of material and organic recycling of post-consumer bio-based plastics • Environmental and social sustainability criteria are not considered in this work • They need to be included to complete the sustainability assessment of any EoL option source: 1 • Boundaries: gate to gate Pillars of sustainability • Entrance to the facility: sorted post-consumer and post- industrial bio-based plastics • Exit from the facility: final recovered material 1 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sustainable_development.svg Virtual Final STAR-ProBio Workshop, 28/4/2020 Agricultural University of Athens -DNRAE 4

  5. Criterion 1: Technical feasibility based on existing processes and possible improvements Technical feasibility Material recovery of post-consumer / post-industrial bio- Components based plastics ➢ Bio-based equivalents to conventional polymers: follow Biodegradability recycling streams of the corresponding conventional plastics ₋ Non-recyclable non-biodegradable bio-based plastics: routed to energy recovery in the form of SRF ➢ Biodegradable plastics: limitations apply when these materials are to be treated by mechanical recycling https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegrad ₋ Non-recyclable biodegradable plastics: organic recycling stab.2017.12.011 ➢ If collected separately into mono-streams or sorting efficiency is Sorting efficiency high: ⁻ mechanical recycling becomes the most attractive EoL option ⁻ chemical depolymerization recovers high quality / price monomers DOI:10.1109/CONECCT.2014.6740338 Virtual Final STAR-ProBio Workshop, 28/4/2020 Agricultural University of Athens -DNRAE 5

  6. Criterion 1: Technical feasibility based on existing processes and possible improvements Technical feasibility Material recovery / organic recycling of post-consumer / Components post-industrial bio-based plastics ➢ Thermal stability: Mechanical Recycling ₋ first prerequisite for any polymer Processability ➢ Contamination by non-compatible polymers: ₋ processing problems and degraded quality of recyclate ➢ Physical limiting factors: ₋ presence of contaminants, degradation etc. ➢ Efficiency of depolymerisation process: Chemical Recycling Processability ₋ high recovery rates of high quality monomers/chemicals is crucial ➢ A low efficiency process needs improvements : ⁻ design and production of innovative depolymerization catalysts ⁻ development of chemically recyclable polymers, etc. doi.org/10.1038/s41570-017-0046 ➢ Conformity to standard specifications for industrial composting Compostability ➢ Lack of standard specifications: ₋ major barrier for the development of the anaerobic digestion Virtual Final STAR-ProBio Workshop, 28/4/2020 Agricultural University of Athens -DNRAE 6

  7. Criterion 2: Economic viability based on existing processes Economic viability Material recovery / organic recycling of post-consumer / Components post-industrial bio-based plastics ➢ Availability and/or distance of available infrastructures: Infrastructures for ₋ Mechanical recycling is the first priority alternative EoL route or not materials recovery ₋ Chemical recycling becomes a valuable alternative recycling route in the near future ₋ Requires support by research & development activities ₋ Organic recycling and/or AD are suitable EoL options for biodegradable plastics depending on infrastructures availability ➢ Economic viability depends on: Availability of bio- based plastic waste ₋ constant supply of commercial mono streams of bio-based post- consumer plastics ₋ sufficient quantities to ensure good planning and operation of the facilities at maximum capacity Virtual Final STAR-ProBio Workshop, 28/4/2020 Agricultural University of Athens -DNRAE 7

  8. Criterion 2: Economic viability based on existing processes Economic viability Material recovery / organic recycling of post-consumer / post- Components industrial bio-based plastics ➢ Degradation characteristics of recyclates of conventional and bio- Recovered materials based non-biodegradable plastics : quality - mechanical ₋ defined by relevant standards ➢ Biodegradable bio-based plastic recyclates: ₋ no standards exist ➢ The feedstock nature affects the economic feasibility of the chemical Recovered materials quality - chemical recycling processes ₋ Pure polymer streams result in high value products by chemical depolymerisation processes (original monomers recovery) ₋ Thermochemical recycling processes, usually end up in products characterized by low quality (mixtures of various hydrocarbons) ISO 15270:2008 ➢ The presence of bio-based compostable plastics in bio-waste should not affect Organic recycling negatively the final products quality (compost and biogas) : products quality ₋ relevant specifications (European Fertilizing Products Regulation) ₋ specifications for biogas generated Virtual Final STAR-ProBio Workshop, 28/4/2020 Agricultural University of Athens -DNRAE 8

  9. Criterion 2: Economic viability based on existing processes Economic viability Material recovery / organic recycling of post-consumer / post- Components industrial bio-based plastics ➢ Market price for a specific quality of recovered bio-based materials: Market of recovered bio-based materials ₋ A materials recovery process is not economically viable if the prices obtained for specific quality of recovered materials do not support its operation ➢ Availability of market for organic recycling of post-consumer Market of biodegradable products products ₋ The gate fee for post-consumer biodegradable plastics routed to organic for organic recycling recycling together with bio-waste streams depends on availability of markets for the end-products (compost, biogas) Virtual Final STAR-ProBio Workshop, 28/4/2020 Agricultural University of Athens -DNRAE 9

  10. Criterion 2: Economic viability based on existing processes Economic viability Material recovery / organic recycling of post-consumer / Components post-industrial bio-based plastics ➢ Based on economic data describing the profitability of the processes: Estimated financial ₋ existence of data is very limited for bio-based post-consumer products feasibility ₋ mechanical recycling: extrapolation from available data for conventional plastics ₋ chemical recycling: no data are available even for conventional plastics (processes have not been commercialized yet) ₋ organic recycling: economic data available for composting and AD of biowaste directly applicable for bio-based products (except for the gate https://www.rathandeep.com/case- study-importance-financial- fee and biodegradation characteristics of the compostable plastics) feasibility/ Virtual Final STAR-ProBio Workshop, 28/4/2020 Agricultural University of Athens -DNRAE 10

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