Decisions and Procedures to Cleaner Production Concerning on Liquid - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Decisions and Procedures to Cleaner Production Concerning on Liquid Effluents Assessment Adir Janete Godoy dos Santos a,b , Marcelo Bessa Nisti b a. Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, São Paulo, godoyaj@hotmail.com b. Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, mbnisti@ipen.br

Economic Planning in Production INTRODUCTION Environ vironmen mental al Regulat lation on Com Compli plian ance Outputs Ou Inputs Solid Residue Energy Solid Waste Raw Liquid Effluent Water Gases Release Capital $ GHG Manufacture Ozone Depletion Staff ability Noise Technology POP Information Radioatives Management Conventional Products Reuse Treatments Recovery Reduction COMPANY IMAGE: go goals

Cleaner pro roduction and su sust stainability factors ors evol volution Cleaner Production Social Parameters - participation Environ-Social - self involvement Responsibility - community Cycling Reuse Integrated Management Systemic Environmental Management Management Environmental Planning Economical Parameters Pollution - company public image Control - financial costs reduction - continuous improvement Basic Sanitation Year 1990 1970 2000 2007 2011 1960 1980 Environmental management evolution in the Brazil, under three main sustainability influence factors.

 Liquid iquid Effluent ent Contai ain  Potential Stable Pollutants (conventional chemical substances)  Potential Radioactive Pollutants (radioisotopes) Environmental Impact Assessment

Environmental Assessment Liquid Effluent 1- Liquid Effluent Generation 2- Storage Tank for Analyses 3- Sewerage System Inside Company Area 4- Discharge Sewerage Point 5- Release Brazilian Rules Compliance 6- Environmental Impacts

METHODOLOGY Environmental Liquid Effluent Assessment 1- Liquid Effluent Generation 2- Storage Tank for Analyses [Tritium - 3 H] 3- Sewerage System Inside Company Area Dilution Factor Estimative 4- Discharge Sewerage Point [Tritium - 3 H] 5- Release Brazilian Rules Compliance 6- Environmental Impacts

Tritium generation could be associated with: - naturally in the upper atmosphere when cosmic rays strike nitrogen molecules in the air; - during nuclear weapons explosions; - as a byproduct in power reactors, producing electricity; - as a potential pollutant in research reactors operation.

Tritium Measurement Sample pre-treatment Sample Homogenization Tritium Sub-samples Very Slow Distillation Transfer to Cocktail Scintillation Solution Gentle Mixing Cooled and Dark Storage

Tritium Measurement Liquid Scintillation Counting Method for Beta Radiation Tritium Emission Tritium samples concentration (Bq L-1 )determination   Ca Bg     C   . Ef Ef   a V bg V . . Where: C: Tritium sample concentration (Bq L-1 ) Ca : sample counting (cps) Bg: background radiation (cps) Efa : sample counting efficiency (cps dps-1) Efbg: background counting efficiency (cps.dps-1) V: sample volume (L)

Tritium Measurement Quenching Correction The Quench-indicating Parameter is the Spectral Index of the Sample (QIP) and the external source quench-indicating parameter is the transformed Spectral Index of the External Standard (tSIE). The counting efficiency was certain for the methodology "transformed Spectral Index f the standard External" (tSIE) using a source 133Ba, wherein each radionuclide equation is near linear and is expressed in the equation . y = mx + b Where: y : QIP value; m : slope of plot of SIS versus tSIE; x : tSIE value, b : intercept on SIS axis of a plot of SIS versus tSIE.

tank flow rate exit estimative for Planned release for stored effluent liquid controlled dispenser Potential Radioactive Pollutant 2- Storage Tank for Analyses [Tritium - 3 H] Tritium concentration 3- Sewerage System Inside Company Area Dilution Factor Estimative [Tritium - 3 H] 4- Discharge Sewerage Point The Tritium concentration was determined for several time controlled samples ( Bq L -1 ) . These values were compared with the initial activity concentration.

Tritium Measurement Quenching Correction The dilution factor estimated for radioactive sample effluent in the sewerage point was obtained by equation: C 1  tr i Fd 1 , E i , C . E i 1 , Where: FdE1,i: sewerage point E1 Dilution Factor for radioisotope i. Ctr1,i : radiotracer i initial concentration (Bq L-1) for effluent inside storage tank. CE1,i : radiotracer i concentration (Bq L-1) in sewerage effluent sampled (Bq L-1)

RESULTS tank flow rate exit was estimated as 10.9 ± 0.9 m3.h-1 for liquid Planned release for stored effluent controlled dispenser [Tritium - 3 H] 56881±3255 Bq L -1 2- Storage Tank for Analyses 3- Sewerage System Inside Company Area Dilution Factor Estimative [Tritium - 3 H] 4- Discharge Sewerage Point The tritium concentration was determined for several time controlled samples ( Bq L -1 ) . These values were compared with the initial activity concentration.

Day Time 3 H (Bq L -1 ) Dilution Factor 1 9h37 10361 ± 518 5.5 1 10h35 14881 ± 748 3.8 1 11h31 21963 ± 1098 2.6 1 12h37 14629 ± 732 3.9 1 13h33 11247 ± 563 5.1 1 14h30 11913 ± 596 4.8 average 4.3 2 9h35 9727 ± 486 5.8 2 10h30 9849 ± 493 5.8 2 11h20 5367 ± 269 10.6 average 7.4

RESULTS tank flow rate exit was estimated as 10.9 ± 0.9 m3.h-1 for liquid Planned release for stored effluent controlled dispenser [Tritium - 3 H] 2- Storage Tank for Analyses Dilution Factor Estimative 3- Sewerage System Inside Company Area 4.3 and 7.4 [Tritium - 3 H] 4- Discharge Sewerage Point Brazilian Regulation prohibits the use of superior quality water for effluent dilution. In this case was estimated the dilution factor for discharge point facility, using the generated effluents (same quality water) from several unities in installation operation company.

RESULTS Possible Routine Base Protocol Implantation for Environmental Management Improvement Based on Clean Procedure.

CONCLUSIONS  The Tri riti tium, gen gener erat ated ed as as op oper erat ation ional al unfa favor vorab able radi adioacti tive ve sp spec ecie ie was as used sed as as an an able ra radiotr diotrac acer. er.  The dil diluti tion on fa facto tor esti estimat ativ ive came pos ossib sible a proc rocedu edure protoc rotocol ol for for use of of th the prac actic ical diluti di tion on factor tor ge gener erat ated ed in op opti timiz izat ation ion disc dischar arge ge of of liqui iquid eff effluen ents ts in in produ roducti tion on

CONCLUSIONS  No en envi viron ronmenta ental or or financi inancial cos osts were ere added added by th this is oper erat ation ional and and in in loco loco radi adiot otra racer er ass assay ay .  The proc rocedu edure re fo for di diluti tion on fac actor tor est stim imat ativ ive was as clea eaner, er, wit ithou hout ra radio ioisotop isotope incre remen ent con oncentr entrati tion ons into into sew sewag age and and envi viron ronment

CONCLUSIONS  This stu study was carr rried ou out withou hout additional enviro ronmental or or monetary ry cos osts, accomplish shed the cleaner pro roduction practices and proc rocedures prop ropos ose.  The he actual cleaner pro roduction on improv rovement requi quire attitudes cha hanging, ensu suring re responsibl ble enviro ronmental management, cre reative conductive ve comp ompanies pol olicies and evaluation technol olog ogy options evaluation on.

CONCLUSIONS  The use of of a pote otentia ial poll ollutant ant to to esti estimat ate th the di diluti tion on factor tor of of the he aq aqueou ous eff effluents ents is is ab able to to con onvention ional al indu industry, stry, radi adioac acti tive ve or or nuclear ar plants. ants.  Could be carr rried ied ou out for for al all che hemic ical sp spec ecie ies, s, genera generate ted in in proc rocess ess and and sen sent for for stor storag age eff effluent ent ta tank or or tr trea eatment ent st stat ation ion.

CONCLUSIONS  The proc rocedu edure re an and dec decisio isions are re able for for hum human an produ roducti tion on fie field, d, such as as minin ining, g, milling, ing, engineer, gineer, agr gric icultur tural, public ic urban an area rea poli olicy, y, tr transp ansport ortat ation ion and and touris tourism ac acti tion ons. s.  In In addit addition ion, a ta table of of ex expec ecte ted dil dilution ion volumes vol es may ay be prepa repare red by con ontinu inuou ous mon onitori toring, g, case ase to to case. ase.

Decisions and Procedures to Cleaner Production Concerning on Liquid Effluents Assessment Dra. Adir Janete Godoy dos Santos – godoyaj@hotmail.com M.Sc Marcelo Bessa Nisti mbnisti@ipen.br