9/5/2017 South Carolina Data Analysis Part 1: Prison Trends Sentencing Reform Oversight Committee September 5 th , 2017 1 Pretrial Population Introduction Data Sources • Bureau of Justice Statistics • Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Report • United States Census Bureau • South Carolina Department of Corrections – Prison admissions, 2007-2016 – Prison releases, 2007-2016 – Annual snapshots of the prison population, June 30 th , 2007-2016 • South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services – Case closures, 2007-2016 – Compliance violation revocations, 2010-2016 2 1
9/5/2017 Pretrial Population Introduction Definition of Terms: Admission Types • Newly sentenced prisoner – Admission to prison for a court-ordered sentence at the time of conviction. • Revocation – Admission to prison for violating the terms of community supervision. • Compliance violation revocation: Admission to prison for failing to comply with a rule or rules that one is required to follow while under supervision (e.g. missing a meeting, using drugs, willful nonpayment of fines or fees, etc). • New crime revocation: Admission to prison for committing a new offense while on supervision. 3 Pretrial Population Introduction Definition of Terms: Length of Stay • Sentence – The court-ordered, Parole Board-ordered, or Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services hearing officer-ordered period of incarceration (does not include terms of suspended incarceration). • Time served for people in prison – The amount of time a person in prison has served as of the last day of the fiscal year. • Longest-serving inmates – Those people who have served longer than 10 years in prison. 4 2
9/5/2017 Pretrial Population Introduction Definition of Terms: Offense Types • Offense – The most serious offense at commitment. The most serious offense is determined by SCDC and considers the nature of the crime (violent or nonviolent) and the maximum penalty allowed. • Violent offense – Any crime that was defined as violent in statute at the time of conviction. • Nonviolent offense – Any crime that was not defined as violent in statute at the time of conviction. 5 Pretrial Population Introduction Definition of Terms: Prior Commitments • Prior commitments – Previous prison stays in SCDC and previous out-of-state prison stays. • Does not include previous misdemeanor incarcerations that were not served in SCDC, felony or misdemeanor probation sentences, specialty court sentences, or pre-trial diversion sentences. 6 3
9/5/2017 Pretrial Population Introduction Outline • Prison trends since Justice Reinvestment • Taking a second look: issues worth examining • Summary of takeaways • Topics for next data meeting • Questions 7 PRISON TRENDS SINCE JUSTICE REINVESTMENT 8 4
9/5/2017 Pretrial Population Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment Prison Population Declined 14% After Reform Prison Population by FY 30,000 27,903 25,000 23,161 20,000 20,951 JRI Reforms, 15,000 Part I 10,000 5,000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Actual Year-End Prison Population by FY Baseline Population Projection Absent Reform *Prison population is the in-custody population Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections and Applied Research Services 9 Pretrial Population Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment Crime Rate Continued to Decline After Reform Index Crime Rate per 100,000 Residents by CY 6,000 5,000 5,137 4,000 3,798 JRI Reforms, 3,000 Part I 2,000 1,000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Source: FBI Uniform Crime Report 10 5
9/5/2017 Pretrial Population Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment Recidivism Rate Declining Since Late 2000s; Down Nearly 10% Since Reform 3 Year Recidivism Rate* by FY 40% 32.7% 35% 30% 24.9% 25% 20% JRI Reforms, 15% Part I 10% 5% 0% 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 *Percentage of inmates released in each year who returned to SCDC within 3 years or less. Source: SCDC Report to SROC, Nov. 2016 11 Pretrial Population Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment Imprisonment Rate* Fell From 11 th in Nation to 19 th ; Still Higher than National Average State 2010 Rate State 2015 Rate Louisiana 868 Louisiana 778 Mississippi 686 Oklahoma 719 Oklahoma 652 Alabama 613 Texas 652 Mississippi 609 Alabama 642 Arizona 600 Arizona 599 Arkansas 593 Georgia 563 Texas 572 Florida 554 Missouri 531 Arkansas 553 Georgia 506 Missouri 511 Florida 500 South Carolina 492 Kentucky 490 Idaho 473 Virginia 458 Virginia 466 Ohio 450 Nevada 464 Nevada 448 Kentucky 459 Delaware 443 Colorado 452 Idaho 438 Ohio 448 Michigan 430 Michigan 447 Tennessee 427 California 440 South Carolina 416 Delaware 440 State Average 402 State Average 439 *The number of prisoners with sentences greater than one year for Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics 12 every 100,000 residents of the state. 6
9/5/2017 Pretrial Population Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment Prison Admissions Have Decreased 30% Since Reform Prison Admissions by FY 14,000 12,518 12,000 10,000 8,765 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections 13 Pretrial Population Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment Majority of Reduction in Admissions Due to Nonviolent Offenses Admissions by Commitment Type by FY 12,000 10,455 10,000 8,000 6,805 Nonviolent 6,000 Violent 4,000 2,044 2,000 1,939 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections 14 7
9/5/2017 Pretrial Population Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment Reduction in Nonviolent Admissions Seen Across Property, Drug, and Other Offense Types Admissions by Offense Type by FY 5,000 4,431 4,500 4,000 4,051 3,500 3,002 3,000 Property 2,513 2,500 Other 2,004 2,000 Drug 1,500 1,313 1,000 500 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections 15 Pretrial Population Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment Admission Reductions Across All Sentence Length Categories; Greatest Reduction in Admissions with Short Sentences Admissions by Sentence Length, FY 2010 & 2016 4,000 3,427 3,500 3,000 2,591 2,475 2,500 2010 1,852 2,000 1,772 1,559 2016 1,432 1,415 1,426 1,500 1,027 1,000 500 0 Less than 1 yr 1 - 3 yrs 3 - 5 yrs 5 - 10 yrs 10 years or more Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections 16 8
9/5/2017 Pretrial Population Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment Reduction in Admissions Across Racial Categories; Largest Reduction For Black Population Admissions by Race by FY 9,000 7,678 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 Black 4,504 4,607 White 4,000 3,986 Other 3,000 2,000 1,000 336 172 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections 17 Pretrial Population Prison Trends Since Justice Reinvestment Racial Disparity in Admissions Reduced, But Still Present South Carolina Resident Admissions by Race, FY 2016 Population by Race, CY 2016 Other Other Hispanic 2% 4% 6% White Black 45% Black 27% White 53% 63% Source: US Census Bureau & South Carolina Department of Corrections 18 9
9/5/2017 TAKING A SECOND LOOK: ISSUES WORTH EXAMINING 19 Pretrial Population Nonviolent Admissions Outline • Prison trends since Justice Reinvestment • Taking a second look: issues worth examining – Despite decline, 78% of admissions to prison are for nonviolent crimes – 1 in 4 admissions to prison are revocations for compliance violations – Time served for people in prison up 29% since 2010 • Summary of takeaways • Topics for next data meeting • Questions 20 10
9/5/2017 Pretrial Population Nonviolent Admissions Nonviolent Admissions Have Declined 35% Since 2010 Admissions by Commitment Type by FY 12,000 10,455 10,000 8,000 6,805 Nonviolent 6,000 Violent 4,000 2,044 1,939 2,000 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections 21 Nonviolent Admissions 78% of Admissions Are for Nonviolent Crimes Admissions by Commitment Type, Admissions by Offense Type, FY 2016 FY 2016 Violent Violent Other 22% 22% 29% Nonviolent Drug 15% 78% Property 34% Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections 22 11
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