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CSE440: Introduction to HCI Methods for Design, Prototyping and Evaluating User Interaction Lecture 04: Nigini Oliveira Design of Everyday Things Abhinav Yadav Liang He Angel Vuong Jeremy Viny What we will do today It is never a users

  1. CSE440: Introduction to HCI Methods for Design, Prototyping and Evaluating User Interaction Lecture 04: Nigini Oliveira Design of Everyday Things Abhinav Yadav Liang He Angel Vuong Jeremy Viny

  2. What we will do today It is never a user’s fault!

  3. 99% Invisible Post. (Just read and listen everything there!) =)

  5. What is Interaction? Two-Way One-way is reaction Communicative Information is sent Receptive Information is received Effective There are changes as a result

  6. What is Interaction? Two-Way One-way is reaction Communicative Information is sent Receptive Information is received Effective There are changes as a result

  7. Buxton’s 3-State Model

  8. Buxton’s 3-State Model

  9. Buxton’s 3-State Model

  10. Norman’s Execution-Evaluation Cycle

  11. Norman’s Execution-Evaluation Cycle

  12. Norman’s Execution-Evaluation Cycle Gulf of Execution

  13. Norman’s Execution-Evaluation Cycle Gulf of Evaluation

  14. Norman’s Execution-Evaluation Cycle Gulf of Evaluation Gulf of Execution

  15. Norman’s Execution-Evaluation Cycle Gulf of Evaluation Gulf of Execution What factors can extend the Gulfs in the example of increasing light in the room?

  16. Gulf of Evaluation: An Example

  17. Gulf of Evaluation: An Example

  18. Bridging the Gulfs Ask yourself: How easily can the user…

  19. Bridging the Gulfs Ask yourself: How easily can the user… …determine what the system is for?

  20. Bridging the Gulfs Ask yourself: How easily can the user… …determine what the system is for? …tell what actions are possible?

  21. Bridging the Gulfs Ask yourself: How easily can the user… …determine what the system is for? …tell what actions are possible? …identify and carry out the appropriate action?

  22. Bridging the Gulfs Ask yourself: How easily can the user… …perceive and interpret what happened? …determine what the system is for? …tell what actions are possible? …identify and carry out the appropriate action?

  23. Bridging the Gulfs Ask yourself: How easily can the user… …evaluate progress towards the goal? …perceive and interpret what happened? …determine what the system is for? …tell what actions are possible? …identify and carry out the appropriate action?

  24. Let's Bridge the Gulfs... … of finding the right Screenshot in my computer!

  25. Design principles help us answer these questions Affordances Constraints Feedback Consistency Metaphors Mappings Visibility

  26. Design principles help us answer these questions Affordances Constraints Feedback Consistency Metaphors Mappings Visibility

  27. Affordances

  28. Affordances

  29. Affordances “In general, when the apparent affordances of an artifact matches its intended use, the artifact is easy to operate. When apparent affordances suggest different actions than those for which the object is designed, errors are common.” Gaver

  30. False affordances

  31. False affordances

  32. Hidden affordances When there is no perceptual information suggesting an actual intended use

  33. Hidden affordances Logos linking to home is a convention, but not afforded by the page

  34. Clarification on Convention “Designers sometimes will say that when they put an icon, cursor, or other target on the screen, they have added an ‘affordance’ to the system. This is a misuse of the concept. … It is wrong to claim that the design of a graphical object on the screen ‘affords clicking.’ … Yes, the object provides a target and it helps the user know where to click and maybe even what to expect in return, but those aren’t affordances, those are conventions, and feedback, and the like. … Don’t confuse affordances with conventions.” Norman

  35. Affordances vs Signifiers Affordances are the possible interactions between people and the environment . (It is not a property of the "thing"!) Perceived affordances often act as signifiers, but they can be ambiguous. Signifiers signal things, in particular what actions are possible and how they should be done. Signifiers must be perceivable, else they fail to function. Norman

  36. Design principles Affordances Constraints Feedback Consistency Metaphors Mappings Visibility

  37. Constraints

  38. Constraints

  39. Design principles Affordances Constraints Feedback Consistency Metaphors Mappings Visibility

  40. Feedback https://www.videoblocks.com/video/loading-bar-scribble-animation-doodle-cartoon-4k-b03byrauliz20iitl

  41. Feedback All actions have to be confirmed Must be immediate Must be informative Preferably non-distracting and unobtrusive

  42. Feedback ? https://www.videoblocks.com/video/loading-bar-scribble-animation-doodle-cartoon-4k-b03byrauliz20iitl

  43. Design principles Affordances Constraints Feedback Consistency Metaphors Mappings Visibility

  44. Consistency Interfaces should be consistent in meaningful ways Ubiquitous use of same keys for cut/copy/ paste Types of consistency Internal (i.e., within itself) e.g., same terminology and layout throughout External (i.e., with other applications) e.g., common widget appearance e.g., design patterns common across applications

  45. Is consistency always better?

  46. Design principles Affordances Constraints Feedback Consistency Metaphors Mappings Visibility

  47. Metaphors … …

  48. Example: Mail Metaphor

  49. Example: Health Metaphor

  50. Broken Metaphors Are not consistent, do not operate in every circumstance, or do not uphold things consistent with what the metaphor would suggest

  51. Dead Metaphors Lost the original imagery of their meaning

  52. Design principles Affordances Constraints Feedback Consistency Metaphors Mappings Visibility

  53. Mappings

  54. Mappings

  55. Mappings

  56. Mappings

  57. Mappings

  58. Design principles Affordances Constraints Feedback Consistency Metaphors Mappings Visibility

  59. Visibility

  60. Visibility

  61. Visibility Differentiate opposing functionality Use visual function to confirm the user's mental model of operation Sometimes sound can be used to make things ‘visible’ (e.g. vacuum cleaner clogging up) Just the right things have to be visible: excess is as bad as lack of visible clues

  62. Activity: Bad Design Hunt Can you discover instances of bad design on campus? False affordances? A lack of consistency, visibility, or mappings? “Thanks to you, I now constantly notice how badly things are designed.” — anonymous student

  63. Ask me something!

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