Spring 2015 - Berkeley, CA CS24 FRESHMAN SEMINAR FOR CS SCHOLARS WEEK 6 - HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A L I F O R N I A - B E R K E L E Y 3 M A R C H 2 015
THREE PARADIGMS OF HCI FIRST WAVE - FUNCTIONALITY “HUMAN FACTORS”, OPTIMIZING MAN-MACHINE FIT SECOND WAVE INFORMED BY COG SCI, EMPHASIS ON THEORY THIRD WAVE “SITUATED PRESPECTIVES”, INTERACTION AS MEANING MAKING; INTERACTION SUBJECT TO MULTIPLE INTERPRETATIONS H A R R I S O N E T . A L . , T H E T H R E E P A R A D I G M S O F H C I , 2 0 0 7
GULF OF EVALUATION FIRST WAVE HCI HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION INPUT WARS U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A L I F O R N I A - B E R K E L E Y 3 M A R C H 2 015
THE GREAT GULFS 4
THE INPUT WARS WHO WON!?!? 5
HMP, FITTS, KLM, GOMS SECOND WAVE HCI HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION TASK ANALYSIS, SCENARIOS, HEURSTIC EVALS U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A L I F O R N I A - B E R K E L E Y 3 M A R C H 2 015
THE HUMAN MODEL PROCESSOR 7
CAPACTITIES OF THE HUMAN MILLERS LAW THE NUMBER OF OBJECTS AN AVERAGE HUMAN CAN HOLD IN WORKING MEMORY IS 7 +/- 2. CHUNKING A MEMORY TECHNIQUE WHERE STIMULI IS GROUPED INTO AUDITORY, OR VISUAL “BITES” TO AID IN FREE RECALL TASKS MILLER, G. A. (1956). "THE MAGICAL NUMBER SEVEN, PLUS OR MINUS TWO: SOME LIMITS ON OUR CAPACITY FOR PROCESSING INFORMATION". PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW 63 (2): 81–97. 8
HOW MIGHT SIRI SPEAK TO US BETTER? 8675309 867-53-09 … OR JUST DIAL IT FOR US … 9
INPUT EVALUATION FITT’S LAW The time (MT) to move to and select a target of width W which lies at distance (or amplitude) A is : MT = a + b log 2 (2 A/W ) U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A L I F O R N I A - B E R K E L E Y 3 M A R C H 2 015
KLM - KEYSTROKE LEVEL MODEL 0.2s Key Home 0.4s Point(Fitt’s) 1.1s Resp. computer dependent POINT TO ELEMENT TYPE A WORD STEERING HMPK MHKKKKK HMPMPM SEQUENTIAL COMMAND (ENTER) MK RASKIN. HUMAN INTERFACES, 2000 11
HEURISTIC EVALUATION A USABILITY ENGINEERING METHOD FOR FINDING THE USABILITY PROBLEMS IN A USER INTERFACE DESIGN SO THAT THEY CAN BE ATTENDED TO AS PART OF AN ITERATIVE DESIGN PROCESS NIELSEN’S USABILITY HEURISTICS •Recognition rather than recall •Visibility of system status •Flexibility and efficiency of use •Match between system and the real •Aesthetic and minimalist design world •Help users recognize, diagnose, •User control and freedom and recover from errors •Consistency and standards •Help and documentation •Error prevention http://hallofshame.gp.co.at/metaphor.htm U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A L I F O R N I A - B E R K E L E Y 2 4 F E B R U A R Y 2 015
ETHNOGRAPHY, CONTEXTUAL INQUIRY THIRD WAVE HCI HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION DESIGN RESEARCH, SITUATED PERSPECTIVES U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A L I F O R N I A - B E R K E L E Y 2 M A R C H 2 015
EGOCENTRIC INTUITION FALLACY EIF IS THE COMPELLING ILLUSION THAT ONE KNOW THE DETERMINANTS OF ONE’S OWN BEHAVIOR AND SATISFACTION. “I LIKE GUI EDITORS BECAUSE WHAT I SEE IS WHAT I GET (WYSIWYG)” “THE TERMINAL IS TERRIBLE BECAUSE THE COMMAND NAMES ARE POORLY CHOOSEN” WE ALL TEND TO GREATLY OVERESTIMATE THE DEGREE TO WHICH WHAT IS TRUE FOR US WILL BE TRUE FOR OTHERS. U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A L I F O R N I A - B E R K E L E Y 2 M A R C H 2 015
ETHNOGRAPHY STUDY OF PEOPLE AND CULTURES USER-CENTERED DESIGN (UCD) CONTEXTUAL INQUIRY CONTEXT PARTNERSHIP INTERPRETATION FOCUS U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A L I F O R N I A - B E R K E L E Y 2 M A R C H 2 015
DESIGN RESEARCH FUTURE HEADLINES THINK 20 YEARS INTO THE FUTURE . WHAT ARE HEADLINES YOU MIGHT ENCOUNTER? Celebrities license 3D scans of body parts for Mayo clinic fabricates spinal column that will use as 3D printed cosmetic prosthesesChild grow as child ages saved by roboLassie The new digital divide? Lower SAT scores Child has allergic reach on after being stung linked to lack of access to 3D Fabs by robotic bee Mrs. Emerson's 8th grade class 3D prints a Printed contact lenses make optometrists model T nearly obsolete 500% increase in children swallowing domestic micro-robots this year U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A L I F O R N I A - B E R K E L E Y 2 M A R C H 2 015
DESIGN VISCERAL - Is what nature does - Dominates physical features - Has the same rules all over the world - Is about initial reactions - Can be studies quite simple by putting people in front of a design and waiting for reactions - Requires the skills of the visual and graphic artist and the industrial engineer - Is all about immediate emotional impact Norman, D. A. (2004). Emotional Design: Why We Love (or Hate) Everyday Things. New York: Basic Books. http://saraows.wikispaces.com/3.+Three+levels+of+Design+Visceral,+Behavioral,+Reflective
- Is all about use - Is the aspect practitioners focus upon - Function comes first BEHAVIORAL - Is to understand how people will use a product - Applying user-centered design - Human-centered, focusing upon understanding and satisfying the needs of the actual users - Has to be a fundamental part of the design process
REFLECTIVE - Is all about the message, culture, the meaning of the product or its use - Evoking personal remembrance - Self-image - All about long-term customer experience
UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING Today's multimedia machine makes the computer screen into a demanding focus of attention rather than allowing it to fade into the background… The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it. - Mark Weiser "The Computer for the 21st Century” Scientific American. September, 1991
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ARCHITECTURAL USER INTERFACES ARS ELECTRONICA BUILDING, LINZ, AUSTRIA 22
FreeD Skinput Touché https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqW1wcKqK8E
HRI - Human Robot Interaction 24
TODOS ATTEND A RESEARCH SEMINAR - FREE LUNCH! WRITEUP IN LATEX - 1 PAGE - PICTURES + DIAGRAMS WELCOME SUBMIT TO TIME CAPSULE REPO CATCHUP ON MISSING WORK U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A L I F O R N I A - B E R K E L E Y 2 M A R C H 2 015
QUESTIONS ? Week 7 COMPUTER GRAPHICS ATEEND A RESEARCH SEMINAR U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A L I F O R N I A - B E R K E L E Y 2 4 F E B R U A R Y 2 015
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