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CS 3700 Networks and Distributed Systems Internet Architecture - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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CS 3700 Networks and Distributed Systems Internet Architecture (Layer cake and an hourglass) Revised 1/08/2020 Last class recap... 2 This is not a history course Communication is fundamental to human nature Key concepts have

  1. Physical Layer 12 � Service Application � Move information between two systems connected by a physical link Presentation � Interface Session � Specifies how to send one bit Transport � Protocol � Encoding scheme for one bit Network � Voltage levels Data Link � Timing of signals � Examples: coaxial cable, fiber Physical optics, radio frequency transmitters

  2. Data Link Layer 13 � Service Application � Data framing: boundaries between packets Presentation � Media access control (MAC) � Per-hop reliability and flow-control Session � Interface Transport � Send one packet between two hosts Network connected to the same media � Protocol Data Link � Physical addressing (e.g. MAC address) Physical � Examples: Ethernet, Wifi, DOCSIS

  3. Network Layer 14 � Service Application � Deliver packets across the network � Handle fragmentation/reassembly Presentation � Packet scheduling Session � Buffer management Transport � Interface � Send one packet to a specific destination Network � Protocol Data Link � Define globally unique addresses Physical � Maintain routing tables � Example: Internet Protocol (IP), IPv6

  4. Transport Layer 15 � Service Application � Multiplexing/demultiplexing connections � Congestion control Presentation � Reliable, in-order delivery Session � Interface Transport � Send message to a destination’s port � Protocol Network � Port numbers Data Link � Reliability/error correction � Flow-control information Physical � Examples: UDP , TCP

  5. Session Layer 16 � Service Application � Access management Presentation � Synchronization Session � Interface Transport � It depends… � Protocol Network � Token management Data Link � Insert checkpoints Physical � Examples: none

  6. Presentation Layer 17 � Service Application � Convert data between different representations Presentation � E.g. big endian to little endian Session � E.g. Ascii to Unicode Transport � Interface � It depends… Network � Protocol Data Link � Define data formats � Apply transformation rules Physical � Examples: none

  7. Application Layer 18 Application � Service Presentation � Whatever you want :) � Interface Session � Whatever you want :D Transport � Protocol Network � Whatever you want ;) Data Link � Examples: turn on your smartphone and look at the list of apps Physical

  8. Encapsulation 19 How does data move through the layers? Application Data Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

  9. Encapsulation 19 How does data move through the layers? Application Data Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

  10. Encapsulation 19 How does data move through the layers? Application Presentation Data Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

  11. Encapsulation 19 How does data move through the layers? Application Presentation Session Transport Data Network Data Link Physical

  12. Encapsulation 19 How does data move through the layers? Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Data Link Physical

  13. Encapsulation 19 How does data move through the layers? Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Data Physical

  14. Encapsulation 19 How does data move through the layers? Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Data

  15. Encapsulation 19 How does data move through the layers? Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

  16. Encapsulation 19 How does data move through the layers? Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Data

  17. Encapsulation 19 How does data move through the layers? Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Data Link Physical

  18. Encapsulation 19 How does data move through the layers? Application Presentation Session Transport Data Network Data Link Physical

  19. Encapsulation 19 How does data move through the layers? Application Presentation Session Data Transport Network Data Link Physical

  20. Encapsulation 19 How does data move through the layers? Application Presentation Data Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

  21. Encapsulation 19 How does data move through the layers? Application Data Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

  22. Encapsulation 19 How does data move through the layers? Data Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

  23. Real Life Analogy 20

  24. Real Life Analogy 20 Label contains routing info

  25. Real Life Analogy 20 Postal Service

  26. Real Life Analogy 20 Un-packing Postal Service

  27. Real Life Analogy Doesn’t know how the Postal network works 20 Doesn’t know contents of letter Postal Service

  28. Network Stack in Practice 21 Host 1 Host 2 Router Application Application Presentation Presentation Session Session Transport Transport Network Network Network Data Link Data Link Data Link Physical Physical Physical

  29. Network Stack in Practice 21 Router Host 2 Host 1 Application Application Transport Transport Network Network Network Data Link Data Link Data Link Physical Physical Physical

  30. Network Stack in Practice 21 Router Host 2 Host 1 Application Application Transport Transport Network Network Network Data Link Data Link Data Link

  31. Network Stack in Practice 21 Router Host 2 Host 1 FTP Client FTP Server TCP TCP IP IP IP Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet

  32. Network Stack in Practice 21 Router Host 2 Host 1 FTP Client FTP Server TCP TCP IP IP IP Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet

  33. Network Stack in Practice 21 Router Host 2 Host 1 Video Server Video Client UDP UDP IP IP IP Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet

  34. Network Stack in Practice 21 Router Host 2 Host 1 Video Server Video Client UDP UDP IP IP IP 802.11n 802.11n 802.11n

  35. Encapsulation, Revisited 22 Web Server TCP IP Ethernet

  36. Encapsulation, Revisited 22 Web Web Page Server TCP IP Ethernet

  37. Encapsulation, Revisited 22 HTTP Web Web Header Page Server TCP IP Ethernet

  38. Encapsulation, Revisited 22 HTTP Web Web Header Page Server TCP HTTP Web TCP Header Header Page IP Ethernet

  39. Encapsulation, Revisited 22 HTTP Web Web Header Page Server TCP HTTP Web TCP Header Header Page TCP Segment IP Ethernet

  40. Encapsulation, Revisited 22 HTTP Web Web Header Page Server TCP HTTP Web TCP Header Header Page TCP Segment TCP HTTP Web IP IP Header Header Header Page Ethernet

  41. Encapsulation, Revisited 22 HTTP Web Web Header Page Server TCP HTTP Web TCP Header Header Page TCP Segment TCP HTTP Web IP IP Header Header Header Page IP Datagram Ethernet

  42. Encapsulation, Revisited 22 HTTP Web Web Header Page Server TCP HTTP Web TCP Header Header Page TCP Segment TCP HTTP Web IP IP Header Header Header Page IP Datagram TCP HTTP Web IP Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Header Header Header Page Header Trailer

  43. Encapsulation, Revisited 22 HTTP Web Web Header Page Server TCP HTTP Web TCP Header Header Page TCP Segment TCP HTTP Web IP IP Header Header Header Page IP Datagram TCP HTTP Web IP Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Header Header Header Page Header Trailer Ethernet Frame

  44. The Hourglass 23 HTTP , FTP , RTP , IMAP , Jabber, … TCP , UDP , ICMP IPv4 Ethernet, 802.11x, DOCSIS, … Fiber, Coax, Twisted Pair, Radio, …

  45. The Hourglass 23 HTTP , FTP , RTP , IMAP , Jabber, … TCP , UDP , ICMP IPv4 Ethernet, 802.11x, DOCSIS, … Fiber, Coax, Twisted Pair, Radio, …

  46. The Hourglass 23 HTTP , FTP , RTP , IMAP , Jabber, … TCP , UDP , ICMP IPv4 Ethernet, 802.11x, DOCSIS, … Fiber, Coax, Twisted Pair, Radio, …

  47. The Hourglass 23 HTTP , FTP , RTP , IMAP , Jabber, … TCP , UDP , ICMP IPv4 Ethernet, 802.11x, DOCSIS, … Fiber, Coax, Twisted Pair, Radio, …

  48. The Hourglass 23 HTTP , FTP , RTP , IMAP , Jabber, … TCP , UDP , ICMP IPv4 Ethernet, 802.11x, DOCSIS, … Fiber, Coax, Twisted Pair, Radio, …

  49. The Hourglass 23 HTTP , FTP , RTP , IMAP , Jabber, … TCP , UDP , ICMP Think about the difficulty of IPv4 deploying IPv6… Ethernet, 802.11x, DOCSIS, … Fiber, Coax, Twisted Pair, Radio, …

  50. The Hourglass 23 HTTP , FTP , RTP , IMAP , Jabber, … • One Internet layer means all networks TCP , UDP , ICMP interoperate • All applications function on all networks IPv4 • Room for development above and below IP • But, changing IP is insanely hard Ethernet, 802.11x, DOCSIS, … Fiber, Coax, Twisted Pair, Radio, …

  51. Orthogonal Planes 24 Application Presentation Session Transport IP Data Link Physical

  52. Orthogonal Planes 24 Data Plane Application Presentation Session Transport IP Data Link Physical

  53. Orthogonal Planes 24 Data Plane Application Presentation Session Transport IP Control Plane BGP RIP OSPF Data Link Physical

  54. Orthogonal Planes 24 Data Plane Application Presentation Well cover this later… Session Transport IP Control Plane BGP RIP OSPF Data Link Physical

  55. Reality Check 25

  56. Reality Check 25 � The layered abstraction is very nice � Does it hold in reality? No.

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