Critical Raw Materials in the energy sector An analysis from the - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Critical Raw Materials in the energy sector – An analysis from the CRM_Innonet project - SET-Plan Conference side-event – Aymeric BRUNOT - CEA-Liten 11 December 2014

What are « Critical Raw materials » ? • Material criticality assessment performed by EU in 2010 and 2014 54 materials analyzed Economic Supply Importance Risk 20 critical materials identified • CRMs are potential risks for EU economy… risk mitigation research is relevant Reduce Substitute Reuse/Recycle EU CRM Innovation Network (CRM_Innonet) Source : Report on critical raw materials for the EU – Report of the Ad hoc Working Group on defining critical raw materials (May 2014)

CRM_Innonet project (2012-2015) – Coordination & Support action focussing on material substitution - • Develop material risk diagnostics, substitution roadmaps, policy recommendations and a network around substitution… • EU funded (FP7) • Wide consortium (18 partners) • Progress : – Materials & sectors analysis performed – Substitution roadmap under definition – Continuous development of the CRM Innovation Network (workshops) � Today’s focus : Illustration of the SET-Plan Energy sector analysis

CRM_Innonet : Strategic Energy Technologies filters Economic Strategic Energy Technologies (adapted) CRM weight Permanent Wind power Magnets Active Solar PV Materials Wind Power PRIMARY FOCUS Concentrated Solar Power Hydropower Alloys Geothermal Casings Marine energy Photovoltaic Power Cogeneration & CHP Alloys Carbon Capture & Storage Alloys Advanced Fossil Fuel power gen. Alloys Control / Nuclear fission Electric Accumulators Rods ?? Nuclear fusion Shields Smart grids (Transport) SECUNDARY Bioenergy – power & heat Cf. fossil Cf. fossil power gen. Electrolyser Active Fuel cells & Hydrogen Materials Fuel Cells Electricity storage Accumulators, Active mat. Accumulators Alloys Flywheel, magnetic/SMES, Flywheel, Advanced power& cogen plant magnetic/SMES Pumped hydro, CAES, supercapacitor >1b€ 100s M€ 10s M€ or less

CRM_Innonet : detailled analysis (eg. wind energy) Objective : improved risk assessment (EU industry value & positionning, jobs…) • Technology Analysis

CRM_Innonet : detailled analysis (eg. wind energy) Objective : improved risk assessment (EU industry value & positionning, jobs…) • Technology Analysis • Trade Analysis (PRODCOM)–production, import/exports... EU producing countries

CRM_Innonet : detailled analysis (eg. wind energy) Objective : improved risk assessment (EU industry value & positionning, jobs…) • Technology Analysis • Trade Analysis (PRODCOM) • Market Analysis along the supply-chain

CRM_Innonet : detailled analysis outcome Objective : improved risk assessment (EU industry value & positionning, jobs…) • Technology Analysis • Trade Analysis (PRODCOM) • Market Analysis along the supply-chain Wind (Nd, Dy) : Significant risk (EU estimate : 1.4-2.2b€ - 12000 FTE) Batteries (Co, Graphite, F, REE) : Relative risk (EU estimate : 320M€ - 4000 FTE) PV (In, Ga (CIGS)) : Limited Risk (EU estimate : 80M€ - 2000-4000 FT - recent decrease)

Conclusions & Learnings • Concerns about Material dependance is increasing in industry • « Criticality » is a relative concept, to be assessed at company level. � Cost-related criticality may be too simplistic… • Material risk assessment is dynamic – information on criticality factors is key • Risk mitigation strategies are diverse : Material substitution is often not the short-term option but can be seen as longer-term/strategic in nature � Material supply risk considered at all stages of the product life (R&D � EoL) � Substitution can be seen as strategic provisionning • Material innovation can be a game-changer: having substitution alternatives is key � Advanced materials have a role to play • Substitution roadmapping underway as part of CRM_Innonet : Batteries & Permanent magnets PCBs and Electronics Accumulators Alloys Photonics

CRM_Innonet – the Network • CRM_Innonet is a currently-running project, with active networking events on material substitution 3rd Innovation Network Workshop on Substitution (11 Feb. 2015 - Brussels) • A web-site : http://www.criticalrawmaterials.eu/ (newsletter, etc.) A. BRUNOT CEA-Liten aymeric.brunot@cea.fr