Cotton Seed Treatments and Insecticides Seedling Disease and Insect - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Cotton Seed Treatments and Insecticides Seedling Disease and Insect Update J. Terry Pitts OSU A OSU Area Extension IPM Specialist - Entomologist E t i IPM S i li t E t l i t Altus, OK

The cotton seedling disease complex involves the following fungal pathogens… g g p g • Pythium spp. y pp • Rhizoctonia solani • Thielaviopsis basicola • Thielaviopsis basicola • Fusarium solani • Seed-borne fungi that are harmful to germination ( Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp .) ) Rhi

Pythium spp. Pythium spp. • Found in most soils • Invades under cold, wet field conditions • Attacks within hours of planting ( = seed rot )

Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani • Attacks young, emerging seedling y g, g g g at the soil line causing “damping- off” of the seedling or “soreshin”. • Hypocotyl lesions are generally reddish brown in color and sunken k

S Seedling diseases dli di Epidermal & cortical tissue scrapes off, Healthy roots vs. diseased roots leaving the white, vascular tissue, intact. Thielaviopsis basicola

Fusarium solani Fusarium solani • This pathogen may be associated with seed or associated with seed or found in soil. It attacks young roots deriving young roots, deriving nutrition from the plant. • Reddish lesions are diagnostic on the root diagnostic on the root.

Seedborne fungal pathogens or “Junk Fungi ” i ” “J k F Rhizopus spp. Rhizopus spp • Seedborne fungi derive S db f i d i nutrients from the seed, affecting seed germination affecting seed germination over time. Aspergillus spp. Penicillium spp.

Treated Check

% Stand - Cotton Fungicides Fungicides Average of 5 Locations* Early Stand Final Stand 0 8 74.2 72.2 67 0 0 7 7 % Stand 0 6 48.8 % 0 0 5 43.8 40.6 0 4 0 0 3 Untreated Vortex Allegiance Baytan Maxim Nuflow M Apron XL * Locations: 1) Altus, 2) Brownfield, 3) Lubbock, 4) Seminole, 5) Welch

Cotton Seed Treatments Cotton Seed Treatments Thielaviopsis Fusaruim Treatment Rhizoctonia Pythium Seed Co. Excellent Good Excellent Fair Vortex Fiber-Max, Allegiance Stoneville, Baytan Baytan AFD DPL AFD, DPL Excellent Good Good Fair Maxim DPL Apron XL NuFlow M Good Good Slight Good Vitavax All-Tex PCNB Allegiance Excellent Good Excellent Fair Baytan Cropland, Thiram Americot Allegiance

2007 Beltwide Fungicide Seed Treatment Trial – 17 and 5 Locations 84 4 84.4 82.4 81 80.2 % STAND 80 74.8 74 8 73 73 Untreated 71 70 Vortex Allegiance Baytan 67 70 Maxim Apron NFM p VV PCNB All 59 Baytan Thiram All 60 50 Beltwide (17)* Beltwide (17) Altus Tipton Perkins Altus, Tipton, Perkins, Lubbock & Canyon *All Cotton States

Maximum Ambient Temperature Mesonet Site at Altus Site at Altus 4 Year Average - MAY 0 F OSU OKLAHOMA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE

Minimum Ambient Temperature Mesonet Site at Altus Site at Altus 4 Year Average - May 0 F 100 90 80 70 60 50 50 40 30 20 20 1-May 8-May 15-May 22-May 2004 2005 2006 2007 Average OSU OKLAHOMA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE

Cotton Seed Germination and Emergence

Cotton Root Development Cotton Root Development

Cold Chilling Injury Cold Chilling Injury Cold Chilling Injury Chilling Injury N Normal l 60-65 degrees F

Cotton Sensitivity to Cold Temperature During Germination T D i G i i HIGH Increased Water Metabolism Uptake Dry Radicle At a minimum, soil Seed Growth temperatures in the seed and root zone should exceed 60 degrees F and the five day forecast for daytime maximum temperatures should exceed 80 degrees F. Additionally , nighttime minimum temperatures Days after should be forecast to be above 50 degrees for the Planting following 5 days

The first 40 days in the life of a cotton plant the life of a cotton plant. Leaf expansion Shoot growth Emergence Germination R Root establishment t t bli h t Root growth

Root nemesis Root Knot nematode Reniform nematode

Thrips Thrips Oklahoma Survey Oklahoma Survey Thrips Occurrence on Cotton 91% Western Flower Thrips 28% Flower Thrips 18% T b 18% Tobacco Thrips Th i 18% Onion Thrips

Extension Cotton Specialists Working Group • Auburn University � Clemson University • Charles Burmester Ch l B t Mike Jones • • Dale Monks � University of Tennessee • University of Arkansas Chris Main • • Tom Barber Tom Barber � Texas AgriLife Extension Service • University of Georgia Randy Boman • • Steve Brown Robert Lemon • University of Florida • • David Wright � Virginia Tech • University of California – Davis Joel Faircloth • • Bob Hutmacher � University of Arizona y • Louisiana State University L i i St t U i it Randy Norton • • Sandy Stewart � Mississippi State University • North Carolina State University Darrin Dodds Darrin Dodds • Keith Edmisten Keith Edmisten • • Oklahoma State University � Kansas State University • J.C. Banks Stewart Duncan •

At-Plant Insecticide / Nematicide P Products d t • Avicta Complete Pack Avicta Complete Pack • Aeris • Temik • Temik • Cruiser/Dynasty CST • Untreated U d • Orthene 97 • No Orthene

At-Plant Insecticide/Nematicide Products ~ Belt-wide - Vigor Ratings ~ B lt id Vi R ti

At-Plant Insecticide/Nematicide Products ~ Belt-wide - Thrips Ratings ~ B lt id Th i R ti

At-Plant Insecticide/Nematicide Products ~ Belt-wide - Lint Yield (lb/A) ~ B lt id Li t Yi ld (lb/A)

At-Planting Insecticide Test- Average Yield over 3 Years Average Yield over 3 Years OSU, Altus, OK, 2003,2005 & 2007 1296 1300 1300 1250 1222 1211 1200 1150 1100 85 lbs over 11 lbs over 1050 1050 UTC UTC 1000 Untreated Temik 5 lb/a Cruiser Average over 2003, 2005 + 2007

Thrips Counts Week 2 Thrips Counts Week 2 30 May - 1 true leaf stage (26 DAP; 3 DAT - Orthene) 2.5 Adults Immatures a 2.0 ps per plant a 1.5 Thrip 1.0 b 0.5 b b b b b b b 0.0 s d s P r G s z e i e b b C o r s t e o l l a 2 i A 5 a u h 5 e . t c . 3 r r 3 k c C u t i i e n v k m m a n n A A U U G G i i m m e e e e T h e t T r Dr. Kerns O TAMU, Lubbock

Yield – Thrips Test p 29 October a 1400 ab abc ~256 lbs bc ~350 lbs bc cd 1200 de e 1000 Exceeded s lint/acre threshold on 800 weeks 1 & 2 lbs 600 600 400 200 200 0 d s s P s z r G e o e b b i C r s o t l l e 2 a i a h 5 5 A u . e t 3 c . r r 3 k c C C u u t e e i i n n v v k k m m a a n n U U A A i i G G m e e T h e t T r O Dr. Kerns TAMU, Lubbock

Net Return – Thrips Test Net Return Thrips Test 200 a ab 150 abc cre) Return ($/ac bc bc 100 Net R cd $23.09 $148.15 $139.88 50 191.57 $98.51 $64.94 $96.51 d $1 $ $ $ $ $ d 0 d s s P s z r G e o e b b i C r s o t l l e 2 a i a h 5 5 A u . e t 3 . c r r 3 k c C u t e i i n n v v k k m m a a n n U U A A i i G G m e e h T e t T r O Dr. Kerns TAMU, Lubbock

THRIPS CONTROL THRIPS CONTROL • At-Planting At Planting • Foliar Foliar – Orthene G or S – Bidrin MW – Furadan F – Cygon (Dimethioate) yg ( ) EC – Temik G – Centric – Thimet 20G or 15G – Orthene S O th S – Disyston E or G – Phaser (Thiodan) • Seed Treatment S d T t t Control when number of thrips equal – Cruiser 5FS The number of leaves present up to 5-7 – Gaucho Grande 600 Gaucho Grande 600 True leaves . T l

Visual Thrips Damage Rating Scale of 1 5 Scale of 1-5, 1 = No damage, 5 = severe damage 1 = No damage 5 = severe damage

Visual Thrips Damage Rating Scale of 1 5 Scale of 1-5, 1 = No damage, 5 = severe damage 1 = No damage 5 = severe damage

Recommended Insecticides – Cotton Aphid • Centric 40 WG – Neonicotinoid Centric 40 WG Neonicotinoid • Intruder 70 WSP – Neonicotinoid • Trimax 4.4 SC – Neonicotinoid T i 4 4 SC N i ti id • Carbine 50 WG – Pyrethroid/Carboxamide Dr. Roger Leonard, LSU

Cotton Aphid Control Issues, 2006 - 2007 • Localized Problems • M lti l • Multiple Applications A li ti • Increasing Neonicotinoid Rates • Inconsistent Control Within Fields ► Variability Among Plants ► Variability Among Plants ► Variability Within a Given Plant Dr. Roger Leonard, LSU

Impact of At-Planting Insecticides on Impact of At-Planting Insecticides on Aphid Populations Aphid Populations A hid P A hid P l ti l ti 60 60 Non-Treated Plants 50 Cruiser nfested P Temik 40 30 Percent In 20 10 P 0 6/4 6/5 6/6 6/7 6/8 6/9 6/10 6/11 6/12 6/13 6/14 6/15 6/16 6/17 6/18 6/19 6/20 6/21 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Neonicotinoid Efficacy Against Cotton Aphid LSU AgCenter LSU AgCenter - Macon Ridge Station Macon Ridge Station 100 90 90 80 rol nt Contr 70 Percen 60 50 40 2001 2001 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 Year