Cosmic frontier: Theory efforts & synergies
Laboratory activities • Regular interactions between HEP theory, Astro-theory and cosmo/astro experiment • Astrophysics seminar series • Weekly MUNCH journal club • Weekly “chalk talk” • “Axion club” - an informal gathering of theorists and experimentalists • 2014 Academic Lectures including four on dark matter and five on CMB � 2
Community leadership • Group represented on P5 • Several Snowmass co-conveners • DOE Dark Energy Science Plan Task Force • HEPAP Subpanel on Future DOE HEP Facilities • Multiple advisory committees e.g. NAS Astronomy and Astrophysics, NAS Assessment of a Plan for US Participation in Euclid, NAS Future of the Optical/ Infrared System, DOE/NSF/NASA • International Advisory Committee: International Institute of Physics (Brazil) • APS Division of Astrophysics (Dep. Secretary) • Aspen Center for Physics (Vice President) 3
Workshops, schools, & mentoring • > 20 students advised in period 2011-2014 • Organized international conferences and schools at Fermilab and elsewhere e.g. • Combining Probes in Cosmological Surveys, • Cosmological Survey Inference System, • DES-LSST Joint Workshop, • First Galaxies and Faint Dwarfs, • Cross-correlating Cosmic Fields, • Beijing 21cm Workshop, • Identification of Dark Matter, • New Perspectives on Dark Matter, • Combined Probes in DES, • Primordial Non-gaussianity, • Workshop on Laboratory Tests of Dark Energy.... � 4
Dark Energy [Frieman, Gnedin] • DE • Constraining DM and modified gravity Redshift • Combined, with combined surveys w a non-overlapping - overlapping 2D (imaging e.g. DES, LSST) Overlapping and 3D (redshift e.g. BAO, eBOSS) surveys Imaging • provide stronger constraints � • Quantified ¡these ¡“same ¡sky” ¡benefits • Results impact design of cosmic 5000 sq. deg. surveys forecast • surveys w 0 � • • Kirk, etal 2014, Jouvel, etal 2014 • Improving supernovae constraints on SN dark energy ates - control dominant SN distance • systematics - results in tightest and robust DE constraints to date data • • 5 •
Cosmological Computing [Gnedin, Dodelson] DM only • Baryonic physics a fg ects matter clustering in complex way and is major systematic e fg ect in many Dark-Energy studies - Comparable to statistical errors for existing surveys (e.g. DES), but will be “killer” for LSST. • Fermilab theorists using numerical Baryonic models simulations including baryons to develop and test approaches for mitigating bias from baryonic e fg ects. - Developed a novel, Principal Component With PCA bias removed! Analysis based method that removes most bias and improves significantly over previous approaches. - With Scientific Computing Division, building a general simulation suite for community use. Bias due to baryons 1
Mono-X: Dark matter @ the LHC [Fox, Harnik] • Using “mono”-jet/photon/Z/W/X searches at colliders as a complement to direct and indirect DM searches ¯ • Fermilab group one of the pioneers q • Now a standard search channel at LHC. - Regular interaction with CDF, CMS, and ATLAS ¯ χ [Fox, Harnik, Kopp, Tsai] 90 % CL limit on cutoff scale L lim @ GeV D 2000 Vector coupling q χ m c = 50 GeV 1500 2 m c = 500 GeV Shading: G = M 3 … M 8 p 1000 g c g q contours 0.5 1 500 5 10 0.10.2 0 10 50 100 5001000 5000 Mediator mass M @ GeV D • Ongoing progression from EFT operators to simplified models - NLO implementation into MCFM [Fox, Williams] 7
WIMP searches: traditional [Fox, Hooper] • Particle and Astroparticle theory XENON10 group members have regular contact LUX 10 - 24 CDMS - Si CDMS - Si, BF with CDMS, LZ, PICO, CoGeNT, LUX,... é H v min L @ day - 1 D SHM, BF to discuss signatures, searches and 10 - 25 interpretations � 10 - 26 g • Developed a technique to enable m c = 9 GeV f p = 1, f n = 1 analysis of direct detection results free 10 - 27 400 500 600 700 of assumptions about astrophysics, v min @ km ê s D applied to CoGeNT, LUX [Fox] � � • Being adopted by experiments 8
Indirect WIMP searches [Hooper] • Fermilab has been at the forefront of indirect DM searches, including those utilizing gamma-ray, positron, antiproton, neutrino, and radio signals • These studies have yielded some of the most stringent limits on the particle nature of DM: Bergstr¨ om et al. (2013) 10 − 23 dashed: Fermi LAT WMAP7 solid: AMS-02 (this work) 10 − 24 10 − 25 ⟨ σ v ⟩ [cm 3 s − 1 ] 10 − 26 τ + τ − 10 − 27 µ + µ − e + e − γ 10 − 28 e + e − 10 − 29 10 1 10 2 Stringent constraints from gamma-ray m χ [GeV] observations of the Galactic Center AMS results yield very stringent [Hooper, Kelso] , the isotropic background constraints on leptophillic DM [Cholis, Hooper, McDermott] , subhalo searches [Cholis, Hooper] [Berlin, Hooper] • New cosmic ray antiproton measurements (anticipated soon) are expected to be particularly powerful probes of DM annihilation 9
The galactic center γ -ray excess [Hooper] • Over the past several years, an excess of ~GeV scale photons from the inner several degrees of the Milky Way has become increasingly well measured • Spectrum and morphology of this signal agree well with the predictions of annihilating DM; spatially extended, spherical, etc. • Much interest and investigation has been directed at this observation (~120 citations over the past 12 months) • Original identification at Fermilab [Hooper, Goodenough] , with important follow up work at Fermilab as well [Hooper, Linden, Cholis] 10 − 5 GC excess spectrum with 60 GDE models stat. and corr. syst. errors E 2 dN/dE [GeV cm − 2 s − 1 sr − 1 ] 10 − 6 10 − 7 10 − 8 10 0 10 1 10 2 E [GeV] 10
The galactic center γ -ray excess: particle-physics interpretations [Fox, Harnik, Hooper] • Many of highest impact papers on DM phenomenology/model building related to the GC excess have come from FNAL: - First comprehensive study of simplified models [Berlin, Hooper, McDermott] � - Hidden sector models [Berlin, Hooper, McDermott] � - Higgs, gauge boson, top quark final states [Agrawal, Batell, Fox, Harnik; Cholis, et al.] � - Z’ mediated models [Hooper] � - Connection with the 3.55 keV line? [Berlin, Hooper, McDermott] 20 Systematics hh W + W - 15 tt X s v \ J @ 10 - 26 cm 3 ê s D bb ZZ 10 X s v \ = 2.2 ¥ 10 - 26 cm 3 ê s 5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 m c @ GeV D LD LD 4 H b L 4 H d L 11 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 1 2 5 10 20 50 eV D eV D
Dark Matter, Neutrinos, and Inflation [Stebbins, Dodelson, Lykken, Frieman] • FNAL Theoretical Astrophysics has a strong tradition of finding cosmic probes of BSM physics e.g. - Primordial gravity waves and vorticity [Stebbins] � • DES Large-scale structure constrains DES+Planck!forecast! neutrino mass t small- eV! • Interpreting cosmic constraints on neutrino masses and hierarchy [Dodelson, Lykken, Frieman] s 12
Dark Matter: the case against MOND [Gnedin, Dodelson] Total!gas! Gnedin'2012' Neutral!(=!observable)! gas! “MOND!line”! • Claims of evidence for Case against Modified Gravity MOND arise from improper interpretation of observations n � ed • TeVeS raises the amplitude of perturbations : but with the wrong shape, MG a generic problem for modified gravity models Dodelson'2011' 13
WIMP searches: non-traditional • Theory group leading e fg ort to 0.08 M Z ' = 3 GeV H 1 ê s L d s ê dE H GeV - 1 L utilize FNAL neutrino experiments to 0.06 NOVA search for dark sector particles... [Dobrescu, Harnik] 0.04 • ..and to use DM detectors to probe MINOS 0.02 neutrino properties [Harnik] 0.00 • Complementary collider probes of 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 E H GeV L light dark sectors [Dobrescu, Frugiuele] • Theory organized, URA funded 10 - 24 10 - 21 10 - 18 10 - 15 10 - 12 10 - 9 10 - 6 10 - 3 1 workshop-”New Perspectives on 10 - 2 10 - 2 H g - 2 L m U Atomic Physics Atomic Physics H g - 2 L e DM” [Fox, Harnik] 10 - 4 10 - 4 CMB LSW Borexino 10 - 6 Fixed 10 - 6 gauge coupling g B - L target A' capture Gemma CAST in Sun 10 - 8 10 - 8 CMB SN1987A s r e 10 - 10 t 10 - 10 s u l C Sun r a l u 10 - 12 10 - 12 Fifth Force b o l G Sun ê Globular Clusters, energy loss via n 10 - 14 10 - 14 B - L Gauge Boson 10 - 16 10 - 16 1 10 - 24 10 - 21 10 - 18 10 - 15 10 - 12 10 - 9 10 - 6 10 - 3 Gauge boson mass M A ' H GeV L [Harnik, Kopp, Machado] 14
Higgs portal to the dark sector [Altmannshofer, Bardeen, Bauer, Carena, Lykken] • Radiative breaking of the dark gauge group triggers EWSB through the Higgs portal coupling. • M H ~ 125 GeV + stability of the Higgs potential → radiative breaking of the dark gauge group @ TeV scale. • Dark sector complex scalar and fermions are charged under the dark SU(2) x U(1) gauge interactions. • Neutral dark fermions, with the correct thermal relic abundance. • Lighter stable dark fermions charged under the dark force, with observable e fg ects on galactic-scale structure. 15
Axion dark-matter searches [Eichten, Hill] • Axion “journal club”: astro- and particle- theory groups preparing for FNAL’s role on ADMX • Helping experimentalists develop new search strategies and detector design concepts 16
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