CORRECTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES Trends in correctional - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

U.S. Department of Justice Presented by James P. Lynch, Ph.D. Office of Justice Programs Director Bureau of Justice Statistics May 4, 2012 CORRECTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES Trends in correctional populations, www. .gov common perceptions of incarceration, and the role of corrections in society

Figure 1. Adult correctional population on probation, in jail or prison, or on parole, 1980–2010 Number 8,000,000 7,000,000 Total 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 Probation 3,000,000 2,000,000 Prison Parole 1,000,000 Jail 0 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 Note: Prison data based on custody counts. Includes inmates held in privately operated facilities. www. .gov Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Annual Parole Survey, Annual Probation Survey, Annual Survey of Jails, Census of Jails, and National Prisoner Statistics Program. 2

Figure 2. Adult correctional population and annual percent change, 1980–2010 Number Annual percent change 8,000,000 20% 7,000,000 16% 6,000,000 14% Annual percent 12% 5,000,000 change 10% 4,000,000 8% 3,000,000 6% 2,000,000 4% 1,000,000 2% 0 0% -2% 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Annual Parole Survey, Annual Probation Survey, www. .gov Annual Survey of Jails, Census of Jails, and National Prisoner Statistics Program. 3

Figure 3. Incarcerated adult correctional population in state or federal prison or local jail,1980–2010 Number 1,500,000 1,250,000 State prison 1,000,000 750,000 Jail 500,000 250,000 Federal prison 0 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 Note: Prison custody counts are for December 31 within the reporting year; jail population counts are for June 30. www. .gov Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Annual Survey of Jails, Census of Jails, and National Prisoner Statistics Program. 4

Figure 4. Number of state prisoners, by ofgense, 1980–2009 Number 800,000 700,000 Violent 600,000 500,000 400,000 Property 300,000 Drug 200,000 100,000 Public order 0 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics Program, National Corrections Reporting Program, www. .gov and Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities, 2004. 5

Figure 5. Violent ofgenders in state prison, by admissions and releases, 1980–2009 Number 800,000 700,000 600,000 Total violent offenders 500,000 400,000 300,000 Admissions 200,000 Releases 100,000 0 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Corrections Reporting Program www. .gov and National Prisoner Statistics Program. 6

Figure 6. Drug ofgenders in state prison, by admissions and releases, 1980–2009 Number 300,000 Total drug offenders 250,000 Admissions 200,000 Releases 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Corrections Reporting Program www. .gov and National Prisoner Statistics Program. 7

Figure 7. New court commitments to state prison, by ofgense, 1986–2006 Number 140,000 Drug 120,000 Violent 100,000 Property 80,000 60,000 Public order 40,000 20,000 0 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics Program www. .gov and National Corrections Reporting Program. 8

Figure 8. Parole violators admitted to state prison, by ofgense, 1986–2006 Number 90,000 Property 80,000 Drug 70,000 60,000 Violent 50,000 40,000 30,000 Public order 20,000 10,000 0 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics Program www. .gov and National Corrections Reporting Program. 9

Figure 9. Sentenced male prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction per 100,000 residents, by race and Hispanic origin, 1980–2010 Rate per 100,000 population 4,000 3,500 3,000 Black non-Hispanic males 2,500 2,000 1,500 Hispanic males 1,000 500 White non-Hispanic males 0 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 Note: Data for whites and blacks from 1980 through 1999 include persons of Hispanic origin. www. .gov Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics Program and 10 Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities, 2004.

Figure 10. Sentenced female prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction per 100,000 residents, by race and Hispanic origin, 1980–2010 Rate per 100,000 population 250 200 150 Black non-Hispanic females 100 Hispanic females 50 White non-Hispanic females 0 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 Note: Data for whites and blacks from 1980 through 1999 include persons of Hispanic origin. www. .gov Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics Program 11 and Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities, 2004.

Figure 11. Drug ofgenders in state prison, by race and Hispanic origin Percent 35% 30% 25% 2004 20% 1997 15% 1991 10% 1986 5% 0% White non-Hispanic Black non-Hispanic Hispanic Other* Note: Other race includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other P acifjc Islander. www. .gov Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities. 12

Figure 12. Number of federal prisoners, by ofgense, 1988–2010 Number 200,000 Total 175,000 150,000 125,000 Drug 100,000 75,000 Public order 50,000 25,000 Violent Property 0 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Federal Justice Statistics Program. www. .gov 13

Figure 13. Sentenced male prisoners, by age Rate per 100,000 population 3,000 2005 2000 2010 1996 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 18–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–54 55 or older Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics Program, www. .gov Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities, National Inmate Survey, and Federal Justice Statistics Program. 14

Figure 14. State prison inmate deaths in custody, by age, 2001–2009 3,452 3,408 3,392 3,239 3,172 3,165 3,129 2,942 Total 2,877 Age 54 or younger 1,900 1,885 1,989 1,923 1,934 1,936 1,842 1,824 1,783 Age 55 or older 972 1,171 1,204 1,302 1,550 1,628 1,624 1,055 1,237 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Note: Detail may not sum to total due to missing data. www. .gov Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Deaths in Custody Reporting Program, 2001–2009. 15

Figure 15. Jail inmate deaths in custody, 2000–2009 Number Rate per 100,000 population 1,125 160 1,100 Rate 1,075 150 1,050 1,025 140 1,000 Number 975 130 950 925 120 900 875 110 850 825 800 100 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Deaths in Custody Reporting Program, 2000–2009. www. .gov 16

Figure 16. Parents in state prison and their children under age 18 Number 2,000,000 Number of children Number of parents 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 0 1991 1997 1999 2004 2007 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities, 2004. www. .gov 17

Figure 17. State expenditures, by function, 1982–2010 Percent 36% Education 32% 28% 24% Public welfare 20% 10% 8% Highway 6% Health and hospitals 4% 2% Corrections 0% '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 Note: Interpret with caution. Scale has been adjusted to show subtle changes in data. www. .gov Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Justice Expenditures and Employment Extract Tables. 18