Connecting The Wor orld's Tallest Mountain The Evolution Of Netw - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Connecting The Wor orld's Tallest Mountain The Evolution Of Netw tworking On Mauna Kea CENIC 2009 Alan Whinery U. Hawaii ITS

Gloss ssary � HP = Hale Pohaku (Sto tone House): mid-level lodging for transient sta taff � IfA – UHM Institute for A r Astronomy: operator of UH and NASA IRTF tel elescopes � UHM – UH Manoa in H � UHM – UH Manoa in H Honolulu Honolulu Hale Pohaku 1991

Geo Ori rientation

Mauna Kea (W White Mountain) � Dormant shield volcano � 13,803 feet (4,207 m) abo ove sea level � 33,476 feet (10,203 m) tall all � Summit: � Alpine desert � Aeolian ecosystem � Lower: � Mamane forest

Working environ onment at 4200m � Air density/pressure - rou oughly 60% of sea level � increases heart and respi piration rates � causes increase in red blo blood cell production � increases blood pH (more re basic) � redirects blood flow to bra redirects blood flow to bra rain and lungs rain and lungs � … at the expense of dige estive and muscular systems � impaired cognition, reduc ced visual acuity, sensitivity � reduced pain, hunger, thir hirst response � tunnel vision, vertigo, pan anic attacks can occur � ear/nose/sinus congestion ion can be serious � makes it extremely hard t to sleep

Working environ onment at 4200m � air humidity often in single d digit % RH � (remember reduced thirst resp sponse??) − hydration needs to occur withou out thirst � dehydration of skin requires m s management � Electronics hate low humidity, � Electronics hate low humidity, ty, since it means high ESD ty, since it means high ESD � When it's inclement, it's real lly inclement � high winds � freezing cold � snow (binding & blinding) � But generally, weather is ver ery nice.

Traversing Th The Wilderness � Original saddle road built by by U.S. Army, 1942 � Original summit road dozed d in 1963 � 45 road miles from Hilo Airp rport to summit (22 crow miles) summit (22 crow miles) � 37 miles from Hilo to HP are re rough and steep, gaining 9200 ft. elevation � 8 miles from HP to Summit g it gain 4400 ft more.

High Altitude e Wildlife � Examples of life above 10 10,000' � W � kiu (summit) bug (disco covered 1979) � lycosid spiders Photo: Karl Magnacca � High alpine desert life is s s sparse, but delicate � Multiple endangered spec � Multiple endangered spec ecies, and introduced ecies, and introduced competitors present � loss of habitat is a concer ern � Eco-systems below 10,00 000' are much more apparent, and face many y challenges from various land uses includin ding astronomy

Sacred Haw waiian Places � Hawaiian belief and tra radition regards the summit area as sacred, d, and home to various deities � Many other cultural asp Many other cultural asp spects are linked to Mauna spects are linked to Mauna Kea

Mauna Kea O Observatories Planetary Patrol 24” (Removed for Gemini) 1970 Air Force 24” 1970 UHM 88 inch (to be removed for PanSTARRS RS) 1970 Canada-France Hawaii Telescope 1979 NASA Infrared Telescope Facility 1979 UK Infrared Telescope 1979 John Clerk Maxwell Telescope 1987 Caltech Submillimeter Observatory Caltech Submillimeter Observatory 1988 1988 NRAO VLBA 1992 Keck I 1993 Keck II 1996 Gemini North 1999 Subaru N.A.O. Japan 2000 Smithsonian Millimeter Array 2000

Connectivi ivity Drivers � Remote observing � Image size � Observing methods an and work flow � Automation changes the Automation changes the e way observers observe e way observers observe � Consider automated sur urvey programs with big images (i.e. Pan-STARR RS, 2.8 GB images) � The Internet/Digital Life ifestyle

Connectivity ity Challenges • Observatories are on a mo ostly-rural island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean an • 45 miles of road with no ad adjacent infrastructure, through protected wilderne ess • Distances made MM fiber i • Distances made MM fiber i r impractical r impractical • Initially, availability of equip ipment made SM fiber an expensive pain-in-the-<nec eck> • Equipment failure rate som mewhat higher at the summit (this is my opinion). • Checked baggage syndrome e possibly a factor

Remote O Observing � Controlling the instrume ent � Quick output evaluation on � Controlling the telescop ope � Telescope operator at su Telescope operator at su summit summit � Requires availability/fun unctionality

Image Size Graph:G. Luppino

Evolution Of MK KO Connectivity � 1969 – RFC 1 publishe hed; 3 observatories constructed (operationa nal in 1970) � UH 88” is an early exam ample of a computer- controlled telescope � Astronomy uses photog Astronomy uses photog ographic plates ographic plates � Voice is by VHF mobile ile telephone/radios � 1982 – first CCD image ger on Mauna Kea � beginning of RFI fears � 1983 - Hlivak, Colucci t i transport first hard disk to summit by truck.

Evolution Of MKO O Connectivity(2) � 1980's – GTE Hawaiian Te elephone places microwave at summit, makes POTS an and lease-able data circuits available � 1987 – JCMT/CSO sub-mil illimeter instruments add to concerns about RFI � 3/1987 – UHM Initial 9600 b 0 bps IP connection � 9/1988 – UHM IP connectio 9/1988 – UHM IP connectio tion is 512 kbps tion is 512 kbps � 1989 – CFHT gets 14.4 kbp bps leased line via summit microwave to UHM � 1/1991 - Acceptance of G GTE-built SM fiber plant � interconnects 4 telescopes, H s, HP and Humu'ula microwave site, 3 miles south of HP. � Includes IfA-owned strands, s, and GTE-owned strands. � All RF emitters banned from m summit

Evolution Of MKO KO Connectivity(3) � 7/1991 – MKO FDDI opera rational � Internet connectivity is still 1 l 14.4 kbps via CFHT � Use of singlemode fiber req quired MM/SM converters � 12/1991 – UHM link to mai ainland upgraded to T1 � 1/1992 –T1 operational fro � 1/1992 –T1 operational fro rom HP to Manoa rom HP to Manoa � Several telescopes obtain su summit-to-base links � 1995 - Remote observing s starts, mostly using turnkey videoconferencing systems ms � 12/1996 – UHM mainland l d link to 6.144 Mbps � Reliability disagreeable

Evolution of MKO O Connectivity(4) • 9/1997 - Fiber from HP P to Hilo is completed • Some summit to base lin links are upgraded to DS3 • 3/1998 – Planned imple lementation of laser guide stars places new require irements on summit network for traffic contro network for traffic contro trol and aircraft detection. trol and aircraft detection. Network loss with multip ltiple LGS will mean loss of observing time. • 4/1998 – Upgrade of UH HM mainland link to 10.752 Mbps • 8/1998 – summit microw owave shut down

Laser Guide e Star (LGS) Photo:Paul Hirst

Evolution of MKO O Connectivity(5) • 11/1998 – UHM mainland l link to DS3 • 12/1998 – OC3 ATM netwo ork on summit operational • 5/1999 – UH 10 Mbps ATM M PVC set up to Abilene/Internet2, courtesy sy DREN • • 3/2000 – DS3 ATM links fr 3/2000 – DS3 ATM links fr from UHM to Hilo and from from UHM to Hilo and from Hilo to Summit • 6/2000 – FDDI turned off; O ; OSPF turned on • 6/2001 – pervasive wireles ss laptop NICs leads to policy prohibiting 802.11 at the su summit, as well as cell phones

Evolution of MKO O Connectivity(6) • 12/2001 - Multiple LGS S operational on summit • 1/2002 - U. Hawaii inter er-island OC3 network reaches Hilo/MKO • 7/2005 – Observatories • 7/2005 – Observatories s use UHM conference s use UHM conference system for 3-day Deep I p Impact virtual meeting. Peak usage is 18 video, o, 5 phone participants, on impact day. • 12/2005 - Link from Hilo ilo to Summit upgraded to 100 Mbps

Evolution of MKO O Connectivity(7) • 4/2007 – Summit netwo ork changed from ATM to GigE • 11/2007 – SX Transpor ort system drops 1 GE to Big Island for MKO, with ith connections to Sydney and LA and LA • 1/2008 - Link from Hilo o to Summit to GigE �������������� ������������������