Congestion Mitigation Strategies: Alternatives to the City’s plan New York City Traffic Congestion Mitigation Commission December 10, 2007
Overview of presentation and research Overview of presentation and research Alternative Supplem ent Modification to the City's to the City's to the City's Proposal Proposal Proposal √ √ Night de live ry ince ntive s √ √ Te le com m uting ince ntive s Incre a se cost of pa rking in the M a nha tta n ce ntra l busine ss district (CBD) √ √ Re duce use of pa rking pla ca rds by public e m ploye e s √ √ √ √ Additiona l ta x i sta nds Surcha rge on ta x i a nd live ry fa re s √ √ Im ple m e nt tolls on Ea st Rive r Bridge s √ √ Lice nse pla te ra tioning Re quire d ca rpooling √ Cre a tion of High-Occupa ncy Toll ("HOT") la ne s √ √ Cha nge northe rn bounda ry √ Elim ina te the intra zona l cha rge /Cha rge FDR a nd W e st Stre e t Cha nge hours of the cha rge /va ria ble cha rge s √ Cha nge s to the toll cre dit policy √ √ Ex e m pt hybrids
Parking: Increase the cost of parking in the CBD Parking: Increase the cost of parking in the CBD The current market for parking in the CBD: The current market for parking in the CBD: On-street metered, 5% On-street Off-street (paid unmetered*, 19% and subsidized)*, 76% • * Includes public employees • * Includes public employees using placards using placards Source: 2007 survey of 1,600 Source: 2007 survey of 1,600 drivers in the Manhattan drivers in the Manhattan CBD CBD
Parking: Policy options studied Parking: Policy options studied � Three options with VMT impact: � Three options with VMT impact: � Eliminating resident exemption for parking tax or raise parking tax � Eliminating resident exemption for parking tax or raise parking tax � Increase rates for metered on-street parking � Increase rates for metered on-street parking � Introduce overnight on-street parking fee � Introduce overnight on-street parking fee � Reduce use of parking placards by public employees � Reduce use of parking placards by public employees � Three options have essentially no VMT impact: � Three options have essentially no VMT impact: � Parking “freeze” � Parking “freeze” � Tax off-street parking as income � Tax off-street parking as income � Parking “cash-out” � Parking “cash-out”
Parking: Eliminate Manhattan resident parking tax Parking: Eliminate Manhattan resident parking tax exemption exemption � Option: Charge Manhattan residents the same parking tax (18 ⅜ %) � Option: Charge Manhattan residents the same parking tax (18 ⅜ %) as other parkers. as other parkers. � Currently residents receive an exemption that reduces their parking � Currently residents receive an exemption that reduces their parking tax to 10 ⅜ %. tax to 10 ⅜ %. � Applies to: Manhattan residents that currently receive exemption � Applies to: Manhattan residents that currently receive exemption � VMT Impact � VMT Impact � 0.05% reduction � 0.05% reduction � Revenue: $22 million � Revenue: $22 million
Parking: Raise the parking tax Parking: Raise the parking tax � Option: Raise parking tax to 28 ⅜ % or 38 ⅜ % for all parkers � Option: Raise parking tax to 28 ⅜ % or 38 ⅜ % for all parkers � Applies to: All parkers who pay to park off-street � Applies to: All parkers who pay to park off-street � VMT Impact � VMT Impact � 0.2% (if tax rises to 28 ⅜ %) � 0.2% (if tax rises to 28 ⅜ %) � 0.3% (if tax rises to 38 ⅜ %) � 0.3% (if tax rises to 38 ⅜ %) � Parking garage operators might absorb the cost of the tax, � Parking garage operators might absorb the cost of the tax, resulting in smaller VMT reduction resulting in smaller VMT reduction � Revenue: $71 million (28 ⅜ %) or $120 million (38 ⅜ %) � Revenue: $71 million (28 ⅜ %) or $120 million (38 ⅜ %)
Parking: Raise the parking tax Parking: Raise the parking tax � Recap: � Recap: Tax rate Change in: Manhattan All other VMT Revenue residents Current 10 ⅜ % 18 ⅜ % Eliminate Manhattan 18 ⅜ % 18 ⅜ % -0.05% $22 m resident exemption 10% point increase 28 ⅜ % 28 ⅜ % -0.2% $71 m 20% point increase 38 ⅜ % 38 ⅜ % -0.3% $120 m
Parking: Increase rates for on-street parking Parking: Increase rates for on-street parking � Option: Increase the price of all metered parking spaces in the � Option: Increase the price of all metered parking spaces in the CBD. Prices could be determined by time of day or location. CBD. Prices could be determined by time of day or location. � Applies to: on-street, metered parking in the CBD � Applies to: on-street, metered parking in the CBD � VMT Impact � VMT Impact � 0.5% VMT reduction � 0.5% VMT reduction � Revenue: $17 million � Revenue: $17 million
Parking: Introduce overnight on-street parking fee Parking: Introduce overnight on-street parking fee � Option: Implement a $2 fee for overnight on-street parking in � Option: Implement a $2 fee for overnight on-street parking in the CBD during the week. the CBD during the week. � Applies to: on-street, metered and unmetered parking in the � Applies to: on-street, metered and unmetered parking in the CBD CBD � VMT Impact � VMT Impact � 0.4% VMT reduction (most of this reduction would take place at � 0.4% VMT reduction (most of this reduction would take place at night) night) � Revenue: $7 million � Revenue: $7 million
Parking: Reduce use of parking placards by public Parking: Reduce use of parking placards by public employees employees � Option: Remove free on-street parking for government � Option: Remove free on-street parking for government employees currently commuting to Manhattan jobs employees currently commuting to Manhattan jobs � Applies to: on-street parking for government employees with � Applies to: on-street parking for government employees with placards placards � VMT Impact � VMT Impact � 0.10% VMT reduction for 3,000 placards � 0.10% VMT reduction for 3,000 placards � 0.17% VMT reduction for 5,000 placards � 0.17% VMT reduction for 5,000 placards � 0.33% VMT reduction for 10,000 placards � 0.33% VMT reduction for 10,000 placards � Revenue: $0 � Revenue: $0
Taxi: Additional taxi stands to reduce cruising Taxi: Additional taxi stands to reduce cruising � Option: Require that passengers be picked up at designated � Option: Require that passengers be picked up at designated taxi stands taxi stands � Applies to: all medallion (yellow) taxis � Applies to: all medallion (yellow) taxis � VMT impact � VMT impact � VMT may rise or fall depending on how far taxis travel back to a � VMT may rise or fall depending on how far taxis travel back to a taxi stand after discharging a passenger, so VMT cannot be taxi stand after discharging a passenger, so VMT cannot be estimated reliably estimated reliably � Revenue: $0 � Revenue: $0
Taxi: Apply surcharge to taxi and livery fares Taxi: Apply surcharge to taxi and livery fares � Option: Apply $1 or $2 fare surcharges for taxi and for-hire-vehicle � Option: Apply $1 or $2 fare surcharges for taxi and for-hire-vehicle travel within Manhattan south of 86th Street travel within Manhattan south of 86th Street � Applies to: Medallion taxis, black cars, neighborhood car services � Applies to: Medallion taxis, black cars, neighborhood car services and limousines and limousines � VMT impact: � VMT impact: � $1 Surcharge: 0.3% reduction � $1 Surcharge: 0.3% reduction � $2 Surcharge: 0.6% reduction � $2 Surcharge: 0.6% reduction � Revenue: � Revenue: � $1 surcharge: $70 million � $1 surcharge: $70 million � $2 surcharge: $140 million � $2 surcharge: $140 million
License Plate Rationing License Plate Rationing � Option: Prohibits vehicles from entering based on license plate � Option: Prohibits vehicles from entering based on license plate � Applies to: all passenger vehicles � Applies to: all passenger vehicles � VMT impact: � VMT impact: � 3.1 % reduction (restriction applied 1 in 10 days) � 3.1 % reduction (restriction applied 1 in 10 days) � 6.2 % reduction (restriction applied 1 in 5 days) � 6.2 % reduction (restriction applied 1 in 5 days) � Revenue: $0. � Revenue: $0. � Will reduce MTA and PA toll revenues that subsidize transit � Will reduce MTA and PA toll revenues that subsidize transit
Required Carpooling Required Carpooling � Option: Prohibit single-occupant vehicles (SOVs) from entering � Option: Prohibit single-occupant vehicles (SOVs) from entering Manhattan south of 60th Street weekdays, 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. Manhattan south of 60th Street weekdays, 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. � Applies to: SOVs. Does not apply to taxis, commercial � Applies to: SOVs. Does not apply to taxis, commercial vehicles, and motorcycles vehicles, and motorcycles � VMT Impact: � VMT Impact: � Given that SOVs comprise 59% of vehicles entering CBD, � Given that SOVs comprise 59% of vehicles entering CBD, expect VMT reduction, though magnitude is unclear expect VMT reduction, though magnitude is unclear � Revenue: $0. � Revenue: $0. � Will reduce MTA and PA toll revenues that subsidize transit � Will reduce MTA and PA toll revenues that subsidize transit
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