Comprehensive Immigration Reform The Senate’s Comprehensive Immigration Reform and the Outlook for Counties Proposal (S. 744): Outlook for Counties WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 WWW.NACO.ORG | JUNE 2013
Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Presentation Overview About NACo Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Immigration Reform in Context Outlook for Reform Legislation Key Provisions of the Senate Bill (S. 744) WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 3
Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties About NACo The National Association of Counties (NACo) is the only national organization that represents county governments in the United States. Founded in 1935, NACo assists America's 3,069 counties in pursuing excellence in public service to produce healthy, vibrant, safe and resilient counties. NACo promotes sound public Healthy, vibrant, safe policies, fosters county solutions and innovation, promotes intergovernmental and resilient counties and public-private collaboration, and provides value-added services to save across America counties and taxpayers money. WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 4
Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Why Counties Matter WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 5
Why Immigration Reform Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Matters to Counties Counties are often the health care providers of last resort for the uninsured and underinsured There are an estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants in the U.S., roughly seven million of whom have no health insurance Counties provide for the public safety of all individuals, including undocumented immigrants Border counties are often involved in the apprehension and detention of undocumented immigrants Counties provide free elementary and secondary education without regard to immigration status Immigration reform would increase demand for adult education, at a time when states have reduced funding for such programs WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 6
Why Immigration Reform Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Matters to Counties Public Safety Healthcare Education Counties must provide Counties must provide Counties provide for the emergency health care to all, elementary and secondary public safety of all including undocumented education to all, including individuals, including immigrants undocumented immigrants undocumented immigrants 2,865 of the nation’s 3,069 Some counties provide health Counties spend more than care to immigrants who are $60 billion per year on the counties own jails or not yet eligible for federal provision of education to participate in the operation of means-tested benefits residents regional jails Counties operate 964 Counties will be affected by Counties rely on the State hospitals nationwide, and increased demand for Criminal Alien Assistance spend roughly $68 billion English language classes as Program for reimbursements annually on health care undocumented immigrants related to the incarceration of services for the public integrate into society undocumented immigrants WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 7
Why Immigration Reform Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Matters to Counties Immigrants are Eligible for Some Means-Tested Programs under Current Law Lawful Permanent Lawful Permanent Lawful Permanent Refugees, Lawfully Present Unauthorized Individuals Residents (aged 18+)* Residents Residents Asylees, Individuals*** (including children and (under 18)* (pregnant Victims of pregnant women) women)* Trafficking, Others** Eligible Eligible Eligible Eligible Eligible Not Eligible Affordable Care Act (also not eligible for full- subsidies, premium priced health insurance under tax credits and cost- the exchanges) sharing reductions Supplemental Not eligible until after 5 year Eligible Not eligible until Eligible Not eligible Not eligible waiting period or credit for 40 after 5 year waiting Nutrition Assistance quarters of work period or credit 40 Program (SNAP) quarters of work Medicaid Not eligible State option State option Eligible State option Eligible only for emergency until after 5 year waiting to provide without 5 to provide without 5 for children under 21 Medicaid period year waiting period ^ year waiting period and pregnant women Children’s Health Not eligible State option State option Eligible State option Not eligible until after 5 year waiting to provide without 5 to provide without 5 for children under 21 Insurance Program (CHIP) period year waiting period year waiting period and pregnant women Temporary Not eligible Not eligible Not eligible Eligible Not eligible Not eligible Assistance for Needy until after 5 year waiting until after 5 year waiting until after 5 year Families (TANF) period period waiting period Social Security’s Not eligible until after 5 year Not eligible until after 5 Not eligible until Only eligible Not eligible Not eligible waiting period and have credit year waiting period and after 5 year waiting during first 7 Supplemental for 40 quarters of work or have credit for 40 period and have years after Security Income meet another exception ^^ quarters of work or credit for 40 status is Program (SSI) meet another exception quarters of work granted Chart Notes * If the individual entered the ** Includes individuals *** Includes groups ^ Eligible regardless ^^ A quarter of work is U.S. on or after 8/22/1996 granted withholding of granted Temporary of state option if equivalent to three months deportation or removal Protected Status receiving federal foster care of employment Source: National Immigration Law Center WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 8
Why Immigration Reform Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Matters to Counties Some States Extend Medicaid/CHIP to New Immigrant Children & Pregnant Women Source: Urban Institute WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 9
Why Immigration Reform Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Matters to Counties Share of Undocumented Adults Age 19 and Older Without Health Insurance, by State of Residence, 2011 Note: states that are not shaded had samples that were too small to support reliable insurance coverage estimates. Source: Migration Policy Institute, May 2013 WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 10
Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Immigration Reform in Context WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 11
Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Immigration Reform in Context The Foreign Born Population in the United States Continues to Increase Source: Congressional Budget Office WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 12
Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Immigration Reform in Context Share of States’ Population that is Foreign -Born, 2012 20% and Higher 14% to 20% 9% to 14% Less than 9% Source: Congressional Budget Office WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 13
Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Immigration Reform in Context States with the Highest Concentration of Foreign-Born Populations Number of Immigrants and Percentage of State Population New York 4.3 Million California New Jersey 22.2% 10.2 Million 1.9 Million 27.1% 21.3% Florida 3.7 Million 19.4% Texas 4.2 Million 16.5% Source: Pew Hispanic Center WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 14
Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Immigration Reform in Context Number of Undocumented Immigrants in the United States, by Birthplace, 2000 and 2011 El Salvador, Guatemala, Other Mexico and Honduras Countries Total 2011 6.8 1.6 3.2 11.5 Millions Total 2000 4.7 0.9 2.9 8.5 Source: Congressional Budget Office WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 15
Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Immigration Reform in Context Country of Birth of the Undocumented Immigrant Population Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 16
Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Immigration Reform in Context States of Residence of the Undocumented Immigrant Population Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 17
Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Immigration Reform in Context Age Range of the Undocumented Immigrant Population Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 18
Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Immigration Reform in Context The Share of Minorities among the Voting Population is Increasing Source: National Journal WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 19
Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Immigration Reform in Context Recent polls show that a large majority of Americans support Should have a path to citizenship immigration reform that would give legal status to undocumented immigrants. This poll, Should have a path to conducted by the Pew permanent residency only Research Center, shows Undocumented immigrants should have some way to that 73 percent of those stay in the U.S. legally surveyed felt that 73% Don’t know which path 4% undocumented immigrants should be Should not be allowed to stay given some path to legal legally status. Don’t know 4% Source: Pew Research Center, via National Journal WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 20
Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Outlook for Reform Legislation WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 21
Why Immigration Reform Matters to Counties Outlook for Reform Legislation Past Immigration Proposals Source: National Journal WWW.NACO.ORG | FEBRUARY 2014 | 22
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