Complex Issues of Indonesian International Labour Migration Dr. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Complex Issues of Indonesian International Labour Migration Dr. Sukamdi, MSc Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia Sukamdi@ugm.ac.id

The structure of Presentation • Issues of vulnerability • Migration and social transformation • Policy Issues

Issues of vulnerability • Feminization of migrant workers • Low educated • Most of them working in “informal sector” (domestic worker/unskilled) with the gradual change to more skilled type of job • Issues on irregular migration (issues of protection)

Feminization of labour migration 400000 350000 300000 250000 200000 58 % of ILM is 150000 female 100000 50000 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Male Female

ILM education Migrants with low education 78 76.86 76 74 72.21 About 70 % of 72 ILM is low 70.15 70 69.19 educated 68.66 68.34 68 66 64 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

• The feminization of migration as the part of a global process of internationalizing the gender division of reproductive labour • Informal sector is the easiest opportunity for low educated women • Working abroad at any risk !! Including to involve in undocumented migration

Migrants Vulnerabilities education Type gender of job Legal status female, irregular, low educated, and working in informal sector

Migrants and social transformation • Culture of migration : migration has become way of life • Migration as vehicle of social transformation both in origin and destination area • Social exclusion : problem of social integration

Pre departure Travel • • Lack of information Travel condition and Issues on reproductive health • Lack of preparation mode • • Manipulation Duration of journey Eonomic motives Return • Host Community Social integration • • Dependent on Social exclusion • migration Lack of information

Policy Issues (governance ?) Foreign exchange empowerment hero/labour State export (political interest) Profit Civil Society Private oriented (Social (economic interest) interest)

• Problems of reproductive health have (always) been neglected in migration policies both in origin and destination countries • Economy dominates both migrant and government motives • As culture of migration emerged, integrated policy on migration is become very urgent

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