Overview of Census-Based Commuting Programs and Products TRB 2015
Most Recent American Community Survey (ACS) Releases • ACS 2013 1-year • ACS 2011-2013 3-year • ACS 2009-2013 5-year • ACS 2013 PUMS • ACS 2011-2013 PUMS Available on American FactFinder
New Metro and Micro Area Definitions and ACS 2013 Data Releas e • Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) are updated with the new, post 2010 Census definitions, including: – Metropolitan and Micropolitan Areas – Metropolitan Divisions of Metropolitan Areas – Combined Statistical Areas (CSAs) – New England City and Town Areas (NECTAs) – Combined New England City and Town Areas (CNECTAs) • These updates were included in the 2013 ACS Estimates (released in 2014) • 2006-10 Commuting flow files served as input for the metro/micro area delineation process. Flows are available on Census metro areas website • More info: http://www.census.gov/population/metro/ 3
Block Groups Now Available on AFF
Internet-Based Survey Instrument • Internet mode became an option for survey respondents in 2013. • Early assessments indicates higher than expected participation rates • Allocation rates for internet surveys are generally lower than mail-based surveys
Adding or Modifying ACS Content (Content Testing) 2013 and 2014 • Proposals and justifications for modifying survey content submitted to interagency council for review. • Topical subcommittees formed for approved proposals • Proposed wording submitted to OMB and Census for cognitive testing • Interagency Council reviewed proposals to modify ACS questions from various topic area subcommittees • Two rounds of cognitive testing across four test sites
Topics Included in ACS Content Test • Relationship (P2) – • Kind of Work (P45) Cohabitation/Domestic • Work Activities (P46) Partnership • Retirement income (P47g) • Hispanic Origin (P5) and Race • Health Insurance (P16) – (P6) Premium and Subsidies • Journey to Work Commuting • Telephone Service (H8g) Mode (P31) • Computer Ownership/Use (H9) • Journey to Work Time Leaving • Type of Internet Connection (H11) Home (P33) • Number of Weeks Worked (P39b) • Class of Worker (P41) • Employer Name (P42) • Kind of Business (P43)
Testing Modification to Travel Mode Question Current Question 31 – Travel Mode Proposed Question 31 – Round 1 Testing How did this person usually get to work LAST WEEK? How did this person usually get to work LAST WEEK? If If this person usually used more than one method of this person usually used more than one method of transportation during the trip, mark (X) the box of the one transportation during the trip, mark (X) the box of the used for most of the distance. one used for most of the distance. Car, truck, or van __ Car, truck, or van Bus or trolley bus __ Bus or trolley bus Streetcar or trolley car __ Subway or elevated rail Subway or elevated __ Commuter or long-distance railroad Railroad __ Light rail, streetcar, or trolley Ferryboat __ Ferryboat Taxicab __ Taxicab Motorcycle __ Motorcycle Bicycle __ Bicycle Walked __ Walked Worked at home ➔ SKIP to question 39a __ Worked at home ➔ SKIP to question 39a Other method __ Other method
Testing Modification to Travel Mode Question Proposed Question 31 – Round 2 Testing Proposed Question 31 – Final Proposal How did this person usually get to work LAST WEEK? If this How did this person usually get to work LAST WEEK? person usually used more than one method of Mark ONE box for the method of transportation used for transportation during the trip, mark (X) the box of the one the most distance. used for most of the distance. __ Car, truck, or van __ Car, truck, or van __ Bus or trolley bus __ Bus or trolley bus __ Subway or elevated rail __ Subway or elevated rail __ Long-distance train or Commuter Rail __ Commuter rail or long-distance train __ Light rail, streetcar, or trolley __ Light rail, streetcar, or trolley __ Ferryboat __ Ferryboat __ Taxicab __ Taxicab __ Motorcycle __ Bicycle __ Motorcycle __ Bicycle __ Walked __ Worked at home ➔ SKIP to question 39a __ Walked __ Worked at home ➔ SKIP to question 39a __ Other method __ Other method
Cognitive Testing Findings • Selecting multiple boxes regardless of instructions • Respondents identified their local transit system by its local proper name rather than generic name • Tendency to default to “commuter rail”
Testing Modification to Question on Time of Departure for Work Current Question What time did this person usually leave home to go to work LAST WEEK? Hour __ Minute__ a.m. p.m. Proposed Version 1 What time did this person usually arrive at work LAST WEEK? Hour__ Minute__ a.m. p.m. Proposed Version 2 LAST WEEK, what time did this person’s trip to work usually begin? Hour__ Minute__ a.m. p.m.
Cognitive Testing Findings • Time of arrival – Heavy heaping – Reporting what time work starts – Confusion about what ‘arrival’ means – Not especially sensitive • Time trip to work usually begins – Heaping – Not especially sensitive
Content Test - Looking Forward January/February 2015 Topical subcommittee leads provide final recommendations for question wording for field testing March through June 2015 Conduct cognitive testing to identify any modifications necessary for Group Quarters and Puerto Rico (neither are included in the field test) March through May 2016 Conduct data collection for the field test via Internet, mail, CATI, and CAPI (Content Follow-Up Reinterview continues into June) January 2019 Implement revised content into the production ACS
Forthcoming County-Level Commuting Flows • 2009-2013 5-year county-to-county (and MCD) commuting flows – Total worker counts – Means of transportation (4 categories) • Drove Alone • Carpooled • Public Transportation • Other – Expected release: May 2015
Census Explorer Mapping Tool • www.census.gov/censusexplorer/ • Maps selected ACS variables for Census 1990, Census 2000, and Current 5-year ACS • Census Explorer Commuting Edition: • www.census.gov/censusexplorer/censusexpl orer-commuting.html • Variables: Percent drove alone, carpooled, transit, bike, walk, worked at home, average travel time, percent travel time 60 or more minutes.
Reference Document Comparing LODES and ACS • Design Comparison of LODES and ACS Commuting Data Products (Graham, Kutzbach, McKenzie 2014) • https://ideas.repec.org/p/cen/wpaper/14-38.html
Census Shapefiles with Pre-Joined ACS Data • Tigerline Shapefiles with pre-joined ACS demographic data. • Layers available down to the block group level. • More than 60 tables attached to shapefiles • Detailed tables (not collapsed version)
American Housing Survey (AHS) • Longitudinal survey of housing units conducted every two years (by telephone). • Tables published for 29 large metro areas. • Sample size approximately 60,000 households • Collects information on: size and composition of housing, vacancies, physical condition, characteristics of occupants, indicators of housing and neighborhood quality, mortgages and other housing costs, persons eligible for and beneficiaries of assisted housing, home values, and characteristics of recent movers. • www.census.gov/programs-surveys/ahs/
Examples of AHS Transportation Questions • Do you ever use public transportation? • What types of public transportation do use? • How far is the bus from your home? • How do you usually get to the bus? • How often do you use a bus? • How far is the subway, light rail, or trolley from your home? • How do you usually get to the subway, light rail, or trolley? • Are there any reasons why you do not walk or bicycle in your neighborhood? • Does your neighborhood have sidewalks that are wide enough for two adults to walk side by side?
Resources for Census Products • Census Bureau General assistance with AFF 301-763-INFO (4636) or 800-923-8282 • FTP Technical Support 301-763-2626 • Journey to Work and Migration Statistics Branch 301-763-2454 • ONLINE TUTORIALS http://factfinder2.census.gov/help/en/american_factfinder _help.htm#
New ACS Question for 2013: Computer Access and Internet Access • Type of Computer (e.g., desktop, laptop, smart mobile phone, etc.) • Subscription/Access to internet • Internet service type (e.g., dial-up, DSL, cable modem, etc.) • Implemented in January 2013, available for 2014 ACS 30
ACS Content Review • On April 29, conducted kickoff summit with federal agencies • Agencies provided information on how they use ACS data in late June/July • Census collecting feedback from all data users using public ACS Content Review Feedback Form. • Analyze feedback from all sources - June – September • Implement decisions for calendar year 2016 and beyond • Kickoff Meeting with National Advisory Committee Working Group on Content Review – Will provide feedback on questions/topics that should be candidates for removal – Complete work end of July – Present findings to full NAC in August
Census Migration Flows Mapper http://flowsmapper.geo.census.gov/flowsmapper/map.html 32
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