COMMUNITY NOISE MAPPING AND ACTION PLANNING- A EUROPEAN APPROACH TO - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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COMMUNITY NOISE MAPPING AND ACTION PLANNING- A EUROPEAN APPROACH TO - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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COMMUNITY NOISE MAPPING AND ACTION PLANNING- A EUROPEAN APPROACH TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE 2007 TRB ADC-40 Noise and Vibration Summer Meeting San Louis Obispo, CA Richard J. Peppin Scantek, Inc., USA Wolfgang Probst DataKustik GmbH,

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COMMUNITY NOISE MAPPING AND ACTION PLANNING- A EUROPEAN APPROACH TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE

2007 TRB ADC-40 Noise and Vibration Summer Meeting San Louis Obispo, CA Richard J. Peppin Scantek, Inc., USA Wolfgang Probst DataKustik GmbH, Germany

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3 HOT SPOT DETECTION 1 NOISE MAPPING 5 ACTION PLANNING 2 RANKING 4 MEASURES

QCITY-PROJECT (Quiet-City): THE EUROPEAN APPROACH FOR CITIES IN NOISE MAPPING AND ACTION PLANNING

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Noise Mapping Projects Noise Mapping Projects

Data Acquisition Data Acquisition

buildings terrain sources

(roads + tram)

Digital Town Model

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From the contour lines pattern a 3D-model is generated

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INDUSTRIAL SOURCES

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point source receiver propagation

  • directivity correction Dc

frequency frequency LW,j band nr (Hz) dB 1 31 45 2 63 53 3 125 58 7 2000 76 8 4000 71 9 8000 65

Point source defined by

  • Location x, y and z
  • A-weighted sound power level LWA
  • r
  • sound power level spectral in frequency bands LW,j

x y z (m) (m) (m) 7.51 5.79 2.12

LWA = 72.6 dB

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ROADS

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receiver point sources line source line source partitioned x

GENERAL STRATEGY: PARTITIONING OF EXTENDED SOURCES AND REPLACING THESE BY POINT SOURCES

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ROADS – PARAMETER ‘TRAFFIC FLOW‘

Hourly traffic flow for d, e, n based on road type

  • r hourly traffic flow for 24-

hrs From diurnal pattern

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RAILWAYS

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Building noise map at new apartment buildings Building noise map at new apartment buildings near Munich Central Station (Germany) near Munich Central Station (Germany) Model with Building Evaluation to calculate facade levels Model with Building Evaluation to calculate facade levels

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AIRCRAFT AND AIRPORTS

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Flight Flight tracks tracks and and noise noise contours contours 75|67|62 75|67|62 dB(A dB(A) in ) in the the vicinity vicinity of Hamburg

  • f Hamburg airport

airport Noise Noise contours contours projected projected to to the the ground ground -

  • Grid

Grid interpolation interpolation with with progressive progressive colors colors selected selected

AIRCRAFT NOISE: HAMBURG AIRPORT

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point source receiver

THE BASIC ELEMENT OF EACH NOISE CALCULATION: POINT SOURCE RECEIVER

Fixed Noise Source to Noise Map

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point source receiver propagation

BARRIER ATTENUATION ACCORDING TO ISO 9613-2

Dz barrier attenuation per octave band

( ) [ ]dB

zK C C D

met z 3 2 /

3 lg 10 λ + =

z difference between pathlengths DIFFRACTION - SCREENING

Image source Source Receiver Reflecting surface r1' r1 r2 r0

REFLECTION

( )

r d

L L

L

⋅ ⋅

+ =

1 , 1 ,

10 10 lg 10

Ld contribution direct ray r0 Lr contribution of reflected ray r1 – r2

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CALCULATION RAYS AT ONE RECEIVER POINT: ALL SOURCES

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CALCULATION RAYS AT RECEIVER POINTS WITH 10 M GRID SPACING

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NOISE MAP FROM 10 M GRID

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+

THE STEPS IN NOISE MAPPING

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Temple (UK), ACCON

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NOISE MAP AUGSBURG

Area mapped 147 km² Inhabitants 276 000 Roads 705 km Buildings 80 000 Airport Augsburg-Airport

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3D – PRESENTATION TO WALK THROUGH OR FLY OVER THE SCENARIO

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A B C D

Ranking of alternatives: Main transit traffic A – B – D

  • r

A – C - D Single number rating: Total Noise Score Where are the noise problems ? Hot Spot Analysis: Area Related Noise Score

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Choosing Alternatives is a Political not Scientific Decision

  • If no info is known, there is no reason to expose one person to more

noise than another: traffic should be equally split.

  • If sound insulation is possible, it is better to divert traffic to one road

and improve sound insulation at those dwellings.

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HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE EXPOSED TO WHAT EXTENT ?

Noise Indicator Lden people from to 50 64963 50 55 97707 55 60 40436 60 65 25828 65 70 29056 70 75 17132 75 1051

Example: Augsburg

Needed for each residential building:

  • Level Lden at the most exposed facade
  • Number of residents
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The number of residents is an attribute of each building

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2

Interval People in level intervals of min max Lden Ln 50 27417 56965 50 55 13052 11594 55 60 18053 7817 60 65 13129 2517 65 70 6817 70 75 425 75

Distribution of exposure to people as required in Annex VI of the European directive on environmental noise (END)

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HOT SPOT DETECTION NOISE MAPPING ACTION PLANNING RANKING MEASURES

QCITY PROJECT: APPROACH FOR CITIES IN NOISE MAPPING AND ACTION PLANNING

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47 47 48 48 63 65 67 72 67 62 61 59 60 67 72 67 62 59 61 66 72 67 63 60

I 7265

61 64 67 72 72 72 72 67 64 62 46 36 37 37 37 37 36 47 36 37 37 37 36 47

I 7265

Building : 100 residents Lden = 72 dB(A) Calculation of Noise Score NS for each residential building

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  • Noise Score

– Linear- – Percent highly annoyed = A(Li-42)3-B(Li-42)2+C(Li-42) – Exponential increase

( )

∑

− × = Lref Li n Y

∑

−

× =

) (

10

Lref Li k

n Y

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Presentation of the noise score, NS, separately for each building

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OBJECT-SCAN: Gliding average of spatially distributed values

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Noise Score (NS) based on Lden for 2005

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NOISE MAP AUGSBURG: HOT SPOTS

Area mapped 147 km² Inhabitants 276 000 Roads 705 km Buildings 80 000 Airport Augsburg-Airport

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3D – PRESENTATION OF HOT SPOTS AUGSBURG

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HOT SPOT DETECTION NOISE MAPPING ACTION PLANNING RANKING MEASURES

QCITY PROJECT: APPROACH FOR CITIES IN NOISE MAPPING AND ACTION PLANNING

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Example for mitigation catalog: Special trackwork at Trams

ref. LC- location treatment option noise reduction cost site specific limitation [dB(A)] [€] LC-9 vehicle resilient wheels 3 2 000,00 to 3 000,00 per wheel LC-10 trackwork moveable point frogs 7 to 10 100 000,00 per turnout Requires additional signalling. LC-11 spring frogs 3 12 000,00 Maximum speed: 30 km/h LC-12 embedded turnouts without discrete fixation 7 to 10 5 000,00 per turnout

Support of communities and others by catalogs of measures

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Example for mitigation catalog: Datasheet for local measure at frogs

Reference LC-RAIL-10 – Moveable Point Frogs Problem Local curving noise control Expected noise reduction 7 to 10 dB(A) Detailed description/objectives Elimination of rail gap of standard frogs Examples STIB, Brussels, constructed by COGIFER Cost €200 000,00 (= double of classic frog) Interactions – Limitations requires adapted signal and control systems Further information EC project TURNOUTS

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INPUT DATA CITY MODEL NOISE CALCULATION ANNOYANCE SCORE NOISE REDUCTION MEASURES

THE STRATEGY BEHIND DIRECTIVE 2002/49/EC

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THE END