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Co-operation without Consequence? Participation in All-Party Parliamentary Groups by members of the British House of Lords versus members of the House of Commons Paul Thomas SSHRC Postdoctoral Fellow Carleton University Research problem

  1. Co-operation without Consequence? Participation in All-Party Parliamentary Groups by members of the British House of Lords versus members of the House of Commons Paul Thomas SSHRC Postdoctoral Fellow Carleton University

  2. Research problem • How do legislators behave when not subject to the need to compete for re-election? Challenge given different venues, procedures •

  3. APG characteristics • Voluntary • Informal • Backbench driven • Two types • Inter-country • Subject • Externally supported

  4. APG activities • Distribute information • Meet with stakeholders • Conduct inquiries • Lobby ministers • Introduce motions and legislation • Some policy influence

  5. APG Growth in the UK 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015 Inter-country Subject Total

  6. Methodology • Datasets on APG participation by member

  8. Methodology • Datasets on APG participation by member • Executive positions: 1996, 2001, 2005, 2010, 2014 • Qualifying positions: 2005, 2010, 2014 • Longitudinal data structure • Negative binomial regression with robust standard errors

  9. Methodology Dependent variables Executive positions held: inter-country, subject- • focused, total • Qualifying memberships held: inter-country, subject-focused, total Common independent variables • First-term • Gender • Party affiliation • Front-bench positions

  10. Methodology MP specific variables Margin of victory • Peer specific variables • Hereditary peer • Former MP Attendance as percentage of total days in session • ** Peers not attending at least once excluded**

  11. Executive posts – MPs Memberships held – MPs Total Inter- Subject Total Inter- Subject country country Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Ln margin -0.0960**** 0.0104 -0.1347**** -0.0878**** 0.0057 -0.1165**** of victory First term -0.2063**** -0.7515**** -0.0449 -0.2737**** -0.7656**** -0.1735**** Female 0.0449 -0.4522**** 0.1741*** 0.0334 -0.3634**** 0.1148** Cons. 0.4541**** 0.6452*** 0.3835*** 0.6830**** 0.8068**** 0.6558**** Labour 0.2397* 0.2908 0.2412* 0.5407**** 0.5210*** 0.5424**** Lib Dem 0.8126**** 0.3761 0.9354**** 0.6180**** 0.1400 0.7252**** Gov. -2.2194**** -2.3007**** -2.2009**** -1.3403**** -1.6227**** -1.2728**** minister Shadow -1.1601**** -1.3394**** -1.0900**** -0.5460**** -0.7449*** -0.4871**** cabinet

  12. Executive posts – MPs Memberships held – MPs Total Inter- Subject Total Inter- Subject country country Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Ln margin -0.0960**** 0.0104 -0.1347**** -0.0878**** 0.0057 -0.1165**** of victory First term -0.2063**** -0.7515**** -0.0449 -0.2737**** -0.7656**** -0.1735**** Female 0.0449 -0.4522**** 0.1741*** 0.0334 -0.3634**** 0.1148** Cons. 0.4541**** 0.6452*** 0.3835*** 0.6830**** 0.8068**** 0.6558**** Labour 0.2397* 0.2908 0.2412* 0.5407**** 0.5210*** 0.5424**** Lib Dem 0.8126**** 0.3761 0.9354**** 0.6180**** 0.1400 0.7252**** Gov. -2.2194**** -2.3007**** -2.2009**** -1.3403**** -1.6227**** -1.2728**** minister Shadow -1.1601**** -1.3394**** -1.0900**** -0.5460**** -0.7449*** -0.4871**** cabinet

  13. Executive posts – MPs Memberships held – MPs Total Inter- Subject Total Inter- Subject country country Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Ln margin -0.0960**** 0.0104 -0.1347**** -0.0878**** 0.0057 -0.1165**** of victory First term -0.2063**** -0.7515**** -0.0449 -0.2737**** -0.7656**** -0.1735**** Female 0.0449 -0.4522**** 0.1741*** 0.0334 -0.3634**** 0.1148** Cons. 0.4541**** 0.6452*** 0.3835*** 0.6830**** 0.8068**** 0.6558**** Labour 0.2397* 0.2908 0.2412* 0.5407**** 0.5210*** 0.5424**** Lib Dem 0.8126**** 0.3761 0.9354**** 0.6180**** 0.1400 0.7252**** Gov. -2.2194**** -2.3007**** -2.2009**** -1.3403**** -1.6227**** -1.2728**** minister Shadow -1.1601**** -1.3394**** -1.0900**** -0.5460**** -0.7449*** -0.4871**** cabinet

  14. Executive posts – MPs Memberships held – MPs Total Inter- Subject Total Inter- Subject country country Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Ln margin -0.0960**** 0.0104 -0.1347**** -0.0878**** 0.0057 -0.1165**** of victory First term -0.2063**** -0.7515**** -0.0449 -0.2737**** -0.7656**** -0.1735**** Female 0.0449 -0.4522**** 0.1741*** 0.0334 -0.3634**** 0.1148** Cons. 0.4541**** 0.6452*** 0.3835*** 0.6830**** 0.8068**** 0.6558**** Labour 0.2397* 0.2908 0.2412* 0.5407**** 0.5210*** 0.5424**** Lib Dem 0.8126**** 0.3761 0.9354**** 0.6180**** 0.1400 0.7252**** Gov. -2.2194**** -2.3007**** -2.2009**** -1.3403**** -1.6227**** -1.2728**** minister Shadow -1.1601**** -1.3394**** -1.0900**** -0.5460**** -0.7449*** -0.4871**** cabinet

  15. Executive posts – MPs Memberships held – MPs Total Inter- Subject Total Inter- Subject country country Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Ln margin -0.0960**** 0.0104 -0.1347**** -0.0878**** 0.0057 -0.1165**** of victory First term -0.2063**** -0.7515**** -0.0449 -0.2737**** -0.7656**** -0.1735**** Female 0.0449 -0.4522**** 0.1741*** 0.0334 -0.3634**** 0.1148** Cons. 0.4541**** 0.6452*** 0.3835*** 0.6830**** 0.8068**** 0.6558**** Labour 0.2397* 0.2908 0.2412* 0.5407**** 0.5210*** 0.5424**** Lib Dem 0.8126**** 0.3761 0.9354**** 0.6180**** 0.1400 0.7252**** Gov. -2.2194**** -2.3007**** -2.2009**** -1.3403**** -1.6227**** -1.2728**** minister Shadow -1.1601**** -1.3394**** -1.0900**** -0.5460**** -0.7449*** -0.4871**** cabinet

  16. Executive posts – MPs Memberships held – MPs Total Inter- Subject Total Inter- Subject country country Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Ln margin -0.0960**** 0.0104 -0.1347**** -0.0878**** 0.0057 -0.1165**** of victory First term -0.2063**** -0.7515**** -0.0449 -0.2737**** -0.7656**** -0.1735**** Female 0.0449 -0.4522**** 0.1741*** 0.0334 -0.3634**** 0.1148** Cons. 0.4541**** 0.6452*** 0.3835*** 0.6830**** 0.8068**** 0.6558**** Labour 0.2397* 0.2908 0.2412* 0.5407**** 0.5210*** 0.5424**** Lib Dem 0.8126**** 0.3761 0.9354**** 0.6180**** 0.1400 0.7252**** Gov. -2.2194**** -2.3007**** -2.2009**** -1.3403**** -1.6227**** -1.2728**** minister Shadow -1.1601**** -1.3394**** -1.0900**** -0.5460**** -0.7449*** -0.4871**** cabinet

  17. Executive posts – MPs Memberships held – MPs Total Inter- Subject Total Inter- Subject country country Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Ln margin -0.0960**** 0.0104 -0.1347**** -0.0878**** 0.0057 -0.1165**** of victory First term -0.2063**** -0.7515**** -0.0449 -0.2737**** -0.7656**** -0.1735**** Female 0.0449 -0.4522**** 0.1741*** 0.0334 -0.3634**** 0.1148** Cons. 0.4541**** 0.6452*** 0.3835*** 0.6830**** 0.8068**** 0.6558**** Labour 0.2397* 0.2908 0.2412* 0.5407**** 0.5210*** 0.5424**** Lib Dem 0.8126**** 0.3761 0.9354**** 0.6180**** 0.1400 0.7252**** Gov. -2.2194**** -2.3007**** -2.2009**** -1.3403**** -1.6227**** -1.2728**** minister Shadow -1.1601**** -1.3394**** -1.0900**** -0.5460**** -0.7449*** -0.4871**** cabinet

  18. Executive posts – MPs Memberships held – MPs Total Inter- Subject Total Inter- Subject country country Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Ln margin -0.0960**** 0.0104 -0.1347**** -0.0878**** 0.0057 -0.1165**** of victory First term -0.2063**** -0.7515**** -0.0449 -0.2737**** -0.7656**** -0.1735**** Female 0.0449 -0.4522**** 0.1741*** 0.0334 -0.3634**** 0.1148** Cons. 0.4541**** 0.6452*** 0.3835*** 0.6830**** 0.8068**** 0.6558**** Labour 0.2397* 0.2908 0.2412* 0.5407**** 0.5210*** 0.5424**** Lib Dem 0.8126**** 0.3761 0.9354**** 0.6180**** 0.1400 0.7252**** Gov. -2.2194**** -2.3007**** -2.2009**** -1.3403**** -1.6227**** -1.2728**** minister Shadow -1.1601**** -1.3394**** -1.0900**** -0.5460**** -0.7449*** -0.4871**** cabinet

  19. Executive posts – MPs Memberships held – MPs Total Inter- Subject Total Inter- Subject country country Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Coef. (SE) Ln margin -0.0960**** 0.0104 -0.1347**** -0.0878**** 0.0057 -0.1165**** of victory First term -0.2063**** -0.7515**** -0.0449 -0.2737**** -0.7656**** -0.1735**** Female 0.0449 -0.4522**** 0.1741*** 0.0334 -0.3634**** 0.1148** Cons. 0.4541**** 0.6452*** 0.3835*** 0.6830**** 0.8068**** 0.6558**** Labour 0.2397* 0.2908 0.2412* 0.5407**** 0.5210*** 0.5424**** Lib Dem 0.8126**** 0.3761 0.9354**** 0.6180**** 0.1400 0.7252**** Gov. -2.2194**** -2.3007**** -2.2009**** -1.3403**** -1.6227**** -1.2728**** minister Shadow -1.1601**** -1.3394**** -1.0900**** -0.5460**** -0.7449*** -0.4871**** cabinet

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