Climate Resilient Rural Development in Pursuance of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS)
MGNREGS The World Largest Rural Employment Livelihood Generation Programme
About MG NREGS Came into force as a program on 5 th September 2005 Shared responsibility between government at Centre and State Implemented in a phased manner. Phase-I (2006-2007): in 200 most backward districts of the country Phase II (2007-2008): 130 more districts added Phase III (from April 1, 2008): All remaining rural districts of India
Salient features of the Act Decentralized planning & Quality works and asset Rights based approach implementation management Prime role for Village Technical support for quality Universal guarantee; Administration; dedicated asset creation; User group Demand-driven cadre for implementation development Monitoring, Transparency & Natural Resource Convergence for Accountability Management comprehensive benefits Proactive disclosure through GIS based integrated With other rural development Social Audits, Geo-tagging of planning approach and NRM programmes for better housing, assets, Management Information sanitation, irrigation facilities etc. based livelihoods. System etc.
MG NREGA Total Coverage across country 1. District Covered : 685 2. Blocks covered : 6,863 3. Village councils covered (Gram Panchayats) : 2,62,840 • 126 million registered households covering 250 million people across 685 districts. Largest wage work programme in the world.
Highlights MGNREGA includes 260 permissible Budget outlay of works - 181 works are focussed on Rs. 55,000 cr for 2018-19 alone. Natural Resource Management , of Women form 53 percent of the workforce. Highest budget allocation for a rural which 84 are exclusively related to water. development programme in India. 65 percent of expenditure on NRM Expenditure since inception until related works. 2018 (so far) is Rs. 4,28,400 cr. ‘Mission Water Conservation’ launched by Government of India 32.1 million assets of the 36 million assets in 2016 to provide created have been special focus to water 96 percent of wages paid through geo-tagged (so far). stressed and irrigation digitized direct beneficiary transfer deprived regions. mechanisms.
Women Participation
1. Rights Based Approach Right to a MGNREGA Job Card – Any rural household who is willing to do unskilled manual work can apply for a Job Card at the Gram Panchayat (local Government), and needs to be provided one within 15 days. Right to demand work - up to 100 days in a year. Right to employment - within 15 days of application. Unemployment allowance from Day 16. Right to wages – to receive notified wage rate and within 15 days. Delayed compensation from Day 16. Right to obtain work within 5 km radius of his/her residence. Mandated for 1/3rd women participation; priority inclusion, work allocation for Scheduled Caste/ Scheduled Tribe, Persons With Disability, elderly, primitive tribes etc.
2. Decentralised planning & implementation All activities including job card application, demand and allocation of work, primary payment processing etc. happens at the Gram Panchayat (Local Government) level. The Gram Sabha (Village council) including the community, elected representatives and officials of the Gram Panchayat approves the annual Labour Budget and recommends works for MGNREGA. Decentralised administration with defined roles: Mates at every MGNREGA worksite for supervision, and ensuring worksite facilities such as drinking water, shed, crèche, first aid etc. Programme Officer at the Block level District Programme Coordinator MGNREGA Cell at State Government Programme Division at Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India
3. Quality works and asset management Focus on creation of rural infrastructure for sustainable livelihoods , and enhancing the living conditions in rural areas. 60:40 wage and material ratio is maintained for works. No contractors or machinery allowed Technical cadre on ground for ensuring creation of durable assets: Technical Assistants, Barefoot Technicians, Engineers at Gram Panchayat/ cluster/ Block level. Maintenance of case-record files at every work site including the work estimates, sanctions and worker details. Creation of user groups and management committees at asset/ community level for continued maintenance and management of assets.
260 permissible works under 4 categories Category A: Public works Category B: Individual assets for relating to NRM vulnerable sections Category C: Common Infrastructure For Category D: Rural Infrastructure NRLM (National Rural Livelihood Mission) Compliant Self Help Groups
4. Enhanced focus on Natural Resource Management (NRM) 60% expenditure on NRM Out of 260 permissible works, 181 works relate to NRM; 81 are exclusively on water. Mission Water Conservation launched in 2016 mandates 65% expenditure on water related works in 2129 water stressed Blocks. Water conservation for water management and drought mitigation : farm ponds, check dams, ground water recharge, farm ponds, percolation tanks, artificial recharge of wells through sand filters etc.
Enhancing MGNREGA’s Potential to Deliver Resilience by Integrating Climate Change Inf rastructure under MGNREGA leads to: Irrigation, groundwater recharge, farm production and carbon sequestration Alleviating poverty, reducing the vulnerability of poor families and building resilience of household and local economy to climate change . Improvement in durability and productivity of assets Resilience of infrastructure to flooding and droughts Design and maintenance in climate change risks. Productive benefits of infrastructure. Technical capacity of local implementation agencies MGNREGA included in India’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under Paris Agreement as one of the adaptation schemes.
Water Conservation Pond at Village Ramsiej, Block Mawthadraishan, District W. Khasi Hills, Meghalaya
Water Conservation Pond (Johar) at Dilman GP, Sirmour District Himachal Pradesh
Check Dam Rajasthan
Multi-arch Check Dam Karnataka
Check Dam at Village Bakartala, G.P. Panto, Block Jashipur, District Mayurbhanj, Odisha
Irrigation channel Arunachal Pradesh
Irrigation canal (locally known as KUHAL) Nahan Gram Panchayat, Sirmour District, Himachal Pradesh
Water channel District West Sikkim, Sikkim
Irrigation well under Kapildhara in Betul, Madhya Pradesh
Geographical Information System (GIS) Based Planning DESIGN GIS PLAN EVOLUTION • Optimize Utilization of Resources • Sound Decision Making • Holistic GP Planning
GIS assisted integrated NRM planning A robust tool developed on watershed principles , and is currently based on six thematic profiles of an area: topography, geomorphology, land use land cover patter, drainage system, contours and lineaments. Currently used at the Local Government level . Supports well-informed decision making through correlating spatial and non-spatial information . Helps to determine the areas where MGNREGS works need to be implemented on priority. Saves cost and time , as holistic information is available on a laptop with internet connection on real-time basis.
Rajouri, J & K Sahibzada Ajit Una, H & P Singh Nagar, Dehradun, Papumpare, Punjab Uttrakhand Arunachal East District, Pradesh Sikkim Rae Bareli, Lakhimpur Uttar Mathura Assam Pradesh 30 GIS Facility Sirohi, East Khasi Hills, UP Rajasthan Meghalaya Gaya, Kohima, Bihar Nagaland Varanasi Imphal West Tripura, Centre’s to be Ujjain, MP UP Manipur Tripura Narmada, Rajpola, Gujarat Aizawal, Nagpur , Mizoram Maharashtra Established in Ranchi, Jharkhand Hoogly, West Bengal FY 2018-19 Nalgonda, Telangana Khurda, Odisha Bastar, Under Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh Anathpuram, Andhra Pradesh Chikkaballapura MGNREGS Chikkaballapura Karnataka Karnataka Pallakad, Kerala
5. Convergence for comprehensive benefits Convergence with other rural development programmes for better housing, sanitation, irrigation facilities etc. Prime Minister’s Irrigation Programme (PMKSY), Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP), Command Area Development & Water Management (CAD&WM) for supporting agriculture; Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) for housing; Swacchh Bharat Mission for sanitation; Ministry of Water Resources for artificial recharge Ministry of Textile for sericulture Ministry of Commerce for rubber plantation
6. Transparency and Accountability Regular conduct of Social Audit Gram Sabha (local council), and proactive disclosure of all MGNREGA works related information. www.nrega.nic.in Digitialized Management Information System with modules for every function including fund management, labour budget, staffing, work progress etc. Every MGNREGA worksite has a Citizen Information Board publicly displaying all details of the work, estimated and actual costs, labour: material ratio etc. A set of 7 registers maintained at every Gram Panchayat including details of all workers, works undertaken etc. Grievance Redressal System and toll-free helpline numbers activated at State level.
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