World Class. Face to Face. Regionalizing Grape Quarantines and Certification Programs in the Pacific Northwest Yakima, WA 1 May 2018 CLEAN AND CERTIFIED VINES: WHERE YOU CAN GET THEM, AND WHY SOURCE MATTERS Michelle M. Moyer, Ph.D. Associate Professor Statewide Viticulture Extension Specialist WSU-IAREC Prosser, WA wine.wsu.edu
WHAT I MEAN WHEN I SAY: “Clean” Vines Certified Vines • Vines testing • Certified vines have negative for known been produced pathogens under a specified state-sanctioned • “Clean” is relative to regime our understanding and knowledge of • Pathogen tests different pathogens conducted (on some and diseases timeline), along with visual inspections
WHY I USE “CLEAN” --- NOT CLEAN The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing . - Socrates
CLEAN VINES How and where can I get them?
HOW DOES A PLANT BECOME “CLEAN”? • “Clean” and certified are not always synonymous – You can have certified vines that have virus – You can have “clean”-tested vines that are not certified • Vines can be “clean” by two means: – They are “cleaned-up” through protocols followed at foundation services – They were never infected in the first place (how do you know)?
RESOURCES FOR TESTING MATERIALS • You know by testing – Foundation-level materials go through a clean-up process, and they and the certification processes in most states test routinely – You can subject your own vines to those same tests! • Tests are available through foundation services and several commercial testing laboratories • You can request what you test for – What does “clean” mean for you?
CERTIFIED VINES Where can I get them?
IS WHAT I AM LOOKING FOR CERTIFIED? • You want to plant a specific variety / clone / selection • You also want those vines to be certified • Where do you start? How do you even know if that is possible? – Not all varieties are available as certified vines – Not all certified varieties for use in the PNW will be from the PNW • Start with foundation programs – they are the source of all certified-destined materials!
FOUNDATION PLANT SERVICES http://fps.ucdavis.edu/fgrvarieties.cfm
FOUNDATION PLANT SERVICES Great varietal details Interesting selection histories!
CLEAN PLANT CENTER NORTHWEST http://cpcnw.wsu.edu/
CLEAN PLANT CENTER NORTHWEST A list of nurseries they sell foundation-level materials too PDF lists of available materials
CLEAN GRAPEVINE PROGRAM – MISSOURI STATE • Only has 7 varieties available • Certified true- to-type, and for 9 different viruses • Specific selections suited for the Midwest https://ag.missouristate.edu/cleangrapevine/
STATE-SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS The Washington Perspective
CONSIDER THE SOURCE • Growing (?) concern in the state: Crown Gall – Something that is tested for (but the tests aren’t great) – Most certification programs are only based on visual inspection – Many out-of-state nurseries do not have cold damage (no in-field disease expression)
CONSIDER THE USE • Grafting-Over • Scion is certified? Awesome! • Did you test the rootstock too? – For virus? – For crown gall?
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES – WHOLESALE BUYERS • Information on rules and regulations • Specifically designed for wholesale buyers • Burden of “proof” falls on the retailer--- buy plants from the right place! http://extension.wsu.edu/publications/pubs/fs286e/
QUESTIONS? VITICULTURE EXTENSION WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY World Class. Face to Face. michelle.moyer@wsu.edu; Office: 509-786-9234 www.wine.wsu.edu/extension www.facebook.com/wsu.vit.enol.ext @WSU_Vit_Ext
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