Chemsheets AS1024 07-June-2015 IONIC e.g. NaCl Solid Gas + + - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Chemsheets AS1024 07-June-2015

IONIC e.g. NaCl

Solid Gas – + – + – + – – + – + – + + + + – + – + – + – – – – + – + – + + – – – + – + – + – + + + + Liquid – – + – – + – + – + – – – + – + + + + – – + + – + – + + – + – – – – + +

+ – – – + + + – + – – +

SIMPLE MOLECULAR e.g. CH 4

SIMPLE MOLECULAR e.g. CH 4

SIMPLE MOLECULAR e.g. I 2

GAS I 2 SOLID I 2 LIQUID I 2 I I I I I I I I I I I I

PROPERTY EXPLANATION Melting & LOW Weak forces boiling between molecules points conductivity DOES NOT CONDUCT No mobile charged Electrical particles Weak forces Strength BRITTLE between molecules Solubility in SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE water

SIMPLE MOLECULAR e.g. ice

SIMPLE MOLECULAR e.g. ice

PROPERTY EXPLANATION Melting & Weak forces boiling LOW between molecules points conductivity DOES NOT CONDUCT No mobile charged Electrical particles In ice molecules are arranged in lattice due to H-bonds; as Density of ICE IS LESS DENSE ice v water THAN WATER a liquid molecules are closer as not in lattice

GIANT COVALENT e.g. SiO 2

GIANT COVALENT e.g. SiO 2

GIANT COVALENT e.g. diamond http://www.edinformatics.com/interactive_molecules/diamond.htm Great rotatable structures (but they are NOT molecules!!)

GIANT COVALENT e.g. diamond

PROPERTY EXPLANATION Melting & Need to break all boiling VERY HIGH strong covalent points bonds conductivity DOES NOT CONDUCT No mobile charged Electrical particles Rigid arrangement Strength STRONG of atoms held by covalent bonds Solubility in INSOLUBLE water

GIANT COVALENT e.g. graphite http://www.edinformatics.com/interactive_molecules/diamond.htm Great rotatable structures (but they are NOT molecules!!)

GIANT COVALENT e.g. graphite

PROPERTY EXPLANATION Melting & Need to break all boiling VERY HIGH strong covalent points bonds Some electrons free Electrical to move between CONDUCTS conductivity layers Weak forces Strength BRITTLE between layers so layers can slide Solubility in INSOLUBLE water

GIANT COVALENT e.g. graphene C Graphene

GIANT COVALENT e.g. graphene

METALLIC e.g. Mg

PROPERTY EXPLANATION Melting & Strong attraction boiling HIGH between +ve ions points and delocalised e- ’ s Outer shell Electrical electrons free to CONDUCTS conductivity move Layers can slide Strength STRONG while maintaining metallic bonding Solubility in INSOLUBLE water

Rank these metals in order of melting points: Sodium Potassium Magnesium

e - e - e - + + + + e - e - e - e - e - 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ e - e - e - e - e - Sodium Magnesium e - e - e - e - + + + e - 2+ 2+ 2+ e - e - e - e - e - e - (Na) (Mg) e - e - 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ e - + + e - + + e - e - e - e - e - e - 2+ 2+ 2+ e - e - e - + + + e - e - + + + e - e - e - e - Potassium + e - + + + e - e - (K) + + + e - e - e - e - + e - + + +

e - e - e - + + + + e - e - e - e - e - 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ e - e - e - e - e - Sodium Magnesium e - e - e - e - + + + e - 2+ 2+ 2+ e - e - e - e - e - e - (Na) (Mg) e - e - 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ e - + + e - + + e - e - e - e - Mpt 98ºC e - Mpt 650ºC e - 2+ 2+ 2+ e - e - e - + + + e - e - + + + e - e - e - e - Potassium + e - + + + e - e - (K) + + + e - e - e - Mpt 64ºC e - + e - + + +

e - e - e - + + + + e - e - e - e - e - 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ e - e - e - e - e - Sodium Magnesium e - e - e - e - + + + e - 2+ 2+ 2+ e - e - e - e - e - e - (Na) (Mg) e - e - 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ e - + + e - + + e - e - e - e - Mpt 98ºC e - Mpt 650ºC e - 2+ 2+ 2+ e - e - e - + + + Con 0.218 Con 0.224 e - Con = Electrical conductivity e - + + + (measured as 10 -8 Ω -1 m -1 ) e - e - e - e - Potassium + e - + + + e - e - (K) + + + e - e - e - Mpt 64ºC Con 0.143 e - + e - + + +