Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik und Funksysteme d F k t Characterization of Electromagnetic Properties of Molded Interconnect Devices Materials M ld d I t t D i M t i l and their Effect on Radio Frequency Applications - 9 th International MID Congress 2010 - g C. Orlob C. Orlob 1 September 30th, 2010
Outline 1. Introduction 2. Measurement methods 3 3. Measurement results M t lt 4. Conclusion & Outlook 4 C l i & O tl k C. Orlob 2 September 30th, 2010
Outline 1. Introduction 2. Measurement methods 3 3. Measurement results M t lt 4. Conclusion & Outlook 4 C l i & O tl k C. Orlob 3 September 30th, 2010
Introduction MID-LDS technology Integration of electrical and mechanical devices on 3D-surfaces g Potential for increasing level of integration and reducing costs g g g Broad spectrum of attractive RF applications Broad spectrum of attractive RF-applications Mobile Phone RFID WLAN Automotive Radar 60 GH 60 GHz-UWB UWB W-USB 10 GHz 1 GHz 100 GHz 13,56 MHz 13,56 MHz C. Orlob 4 September 30th, 2010
Introduction MID-LDS process � Process steps: 1. Injection molding 2. Laser based surface activation 3. Build up of metallization by current-free copper baths laser beam � Specifically developed polymers required: Spec ca y de e oped po y e s equ ed activated surface � Provided with an additive (organic metal complex) for laser activation MID � Electromagnetically not yet characterized in RF-range g y y g Goal Goal Characterization of electromagnetic properties of MID-LDS C. Orlob 5 September 30th, 2010
Introduction P Permittivity itti it � Complex permittivity is defined as: � In RF region ε ‘ always decreases with increasing frequency � In RF-region ε r always decreases with increasing frequency � For limited bandwidth ε r ‘ remains stationary � ε ’’ and tan δ = ε ’’ / ε ’ characterize the dielectric losses � ε r and tan δ = ε r / ε r characterize the dielectric losses � tan δ typically increases with increasing frequency � Antenna performance depends on permittivity: � Example: Input reflection coefficient of a patch antenna p p p variation of ε r ' ± 12% variation of f r ± 6% C. Orlob 6 September 30th, 2010
Outline 1. Introduction 2. Measurement methods 3 3. Measurement results M t lt 4. Conclusion & Outlook 4 C l i & O tl k C. Orlob 7 September 30th, 2010
Measurement methods Admittance cell � E4991RF Impedance/Material Analyzer with test fixture 16453A � Fast and simple permittivity measurements up to 1 GHz � Low sample requirements: planar plates Electrodes Electrodes Cylindrical Resonator C li d i l R t sample � Suitable for loss tangent determination � Measurement at few frequency points: 2, 7 GHz, 3,9 GHz,… coaxial feeding � Medium sample requirements: thin, long rods C. Orlob 8 September 30th, 2010
Measurement methods Coplanar Waveguide � Typical RF-PCB device � Suitable for broadband permittivity measurements (>decade) � Suitable for the determination of total loss (dielectric + conduction) � High sample requirements: accurately structured and metalized plaques � Precise knowledge of metallization required (thickness, conductivity, surface roughness) Rectangular Waveguide g g X-band waveguide � Suitable for accurate determination of permittivity and permeability � Medium sample requirements: accurately machined, homogeneous and M di l i l hi d h d bulky samples (thickness > 10 mm) C. Orlob 9 September 30th, 2010
Outline 1. Introduction 2. Measurement methods 3 3. Measurement results M t lt 4. Conclusion & Outlook 4 C l i & O tl k C. Orlob 10 September 30th, 2010
Measurement results Materials under test � Pocan DP T 7140 LDS: � Solid PET/PBT polymer including organic metal complex (LDS additive) � From data sheet: ε ‘ = 4 1 tan δ = 0 0138 at f = 1 MHz � From data sheet: ε r = 4.1, tan δ = 0.0138 at f = 1 MHz � Assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic � Non-magnetic (checked with rectangular waveguide method) � Ultramid T 4381 LDS : � Solid PA6/6T polymer including organic metal complex (LDS additive) � From data sheet: ε r F d t h t ‘ = 4.4, tan δ = 0.015 at f = 1 MHz ‘ 4 4 t δ 0 015 t f 1 MH � Assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic � Non-magnetic (checked with rectangular waveguide method) C. Orlob 11 September 30th, 2010
Measurement results Pocan DP T 7140 LDS D t Determined dielectric constant: i d di l t i t t • Results are self-consistent • Low permittivity material: ε r ‘ falls from 4 to 3.9 ‘ = 14% Uncertainty Admittance Cell: ∆ ε r ‘ / ε r ‘ = 1% Uncertainty Rectangular Waveguide: ∆ ε r ‘ / ε r Determined dielectric loss factor: Medium loss close to tan δ = 0.01 C. Orlob 12 September 30th, 2010
Measurement results Ultramid T 4381 LDS Determined dielectric constant: Determined dielectric constant: � Results are self-consistent � Low permittivity material: ε r ‘ around 3.6 ‘ = 14% Uncertainty Admittance Cell: ∆ ε r ‘ / ε r ‘ = 1% Uncertainty Rectangular Waveguide: ∆ ε r ‘ / ε r Determined dielectric loss factor: Medium loss material C. Orlob 13 September 30th, 2010
Measurement results Antenna Design on MID Comparison of simulated and measured S 11 Realized antenna � Measured permittivity values suitable for antenna design � Permittivity values comparable to common RF- substrates (FR-4, Rogers 4003C) C. Orlob 14 September 30th, 2010
Measurement results Attenuation due to Losses Roughness of metallization CPW sample (Cu metallization) Attenuation constant Higher attenuation than Ro4003C due to higher Higher attenuation than Ro4003C due to higher loss tangent and higher conduction losses (conductivity, surface roughness) Reference material:Ro4003C ( ε r ‘ = 3.55, tan δ = 0.0027 at f = 10 GHz ) Glass reinforced hydrocarbon/ceramic with electrodeposited copper foil C. Orlob 15 September 30th, 2010
Outline 1. Introduction 2. Measurement methods 3 3. Measurement results M t lt 4. Conclusion & Outlook 4 C l i & O tl k C. Orlob 16 September 30th, 2010
Conclusion & Outlook Conclusion � Characterization of complex permittivity of MID-LDS materials Pocan DP T 7140 LDS and Ultramid T 4381 LDS : � Consistent results achieved with four different measurement methods � Low permittivity near ε r ‘ = 3.9 and ε r ‘ = 3.6 (comparable with typical RF substrates) � Medium dielectric losses near tan δ = 0.01 and tan δ = 0.018 � Results are suitable for a first antenna design Results are suitable for a first antenna design Outlook � Improved material characterization: � Including additional material types (LCP, PEEK,…) � Up to 80 GHz for applications like automotive radar, 60-GHz UWB � More detailed study of process-oriented loss mechanisms C. Orlob 17 September 30th, 2010
Conclusion & Outlook Patch Antenna � Single element of an antenna array g y � Example for Automotive Radar: � Resonance Frequency: f r = 77 GHz � Substrate thickness: h = 127 um � Dielectric constant: ε r ‘ = 4.6 � Antenna Gain: Low loss substrates required for high gain C. Orlob 18 September 30th, 2010
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