Cell Unit What do you know about cells?
Vocabulary #1-7 (textbook page 51) 1. Cell - the basic unit of structure and function of living things 2. Microscopic - too small to be seen without using a microscope 3. Organism - any living thing that maintains vital life processes 4. Cell Membrane – the thin covering that surrounds and protects every cell; lets nutrients in and wastes out 5. Nucleus – the part of a cell that directs all the cell’s activities 6. Cytoplasm – a jelly-like material inside a cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus 7. Protist - a simple, single-celled or multi-celled organism with a nucleus and organelles
Vocabulary #8-14 8. Moneran - a single celled organism that does not have a membrane bound nucleus. 9. Organelles – the parts of the cell that float in the cytoplasm 10. Mitochondria – called the “powerhouses”, they release energy from nutrients 11. Vacuole - store nutrients, water, or waste until the cell uses or releases these substances 12. Cell Wall – supports and gives shape to the cell 13. Chloroplasts – contains chlorophyll that uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food (sugar) 14. Nuclear Membrane – protects the nucleus
Lesson 1 What are cells? ▶ Six Processes of all Living Things ▶ Cell Theory ▶ 3 Famous Scientists ▶ 2 categories of Cells ▶ Plant Cell ▶ Animal Cell ▶ Single Celled Organisms
Six Life Processes of all living things Living things… 1. Take in nutrients 2. Need and use energy to work 3. Reproduce 4. Grow 5. Respond to the world around them 6. Get rid of waste Characteristics of Life #1 3:39 Living or Not Living slides… Characteristics of Life #2 6:07
Cell Theory 1. all living organisms are composed of one or more cells 1. the cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms 1. all cells come from pre-existing cells The Wacky History of Cell Theory
3 Famous Scientists Anton van Leeuwenhoek ➢ As a hobby, he built magnifying lenses and used them to build simple microscopes. ➢ He was the first person to see microscopic organisms. Under his microscope, he studied pond water, saliva, and even the plaque from his teeth. ➢ He saw tiny living creatures he called them "animalcules". He did not know it then, but the tiny animals were bacteria!
3 Famous Scientists Robert Hooke ➢ He discovered cells when looking at thin slices of cork through a microscope. ➢ Latin for the word room is "cell". ➢ He saw a pattern of small rectangular boxlike squares in the cork which reminded him of "little rooms“ or cells.
3 Famous Scientists Ernest Just (1883 – 1941) ▶ He worked hard to get a college degree & majored in biology. He worked in the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MA ▶ He discovered there were other parts of the cell that did more than just what the nucleus did! ▶ Just discovered that cell activity depended not just on the nucleus but also on the cytoplasm (the fluid that fills the cell). He changed the way scientist thought about cells!
Plant cells ▶ cell membrane is a living part of the cell & controls what flows in & out of the cell ▶ Rectangular in shape ▶ make their own food in the chloroplasts ▶ contain vacuoles that are much larger than those that are in animal cells Wonder of Cells 2:55 Why are Cells important? 3:36
Plant Cell Cell Vacuole Membrane Nucleus Cell Wall Mitochondria Cytoplasm Chloroplast
Plant Cell Label and Color It!
Animal Cell ▶ Most animal cells have a nucleus. ▶ have a jell-like material outside the nucleus called cytoplasm ▶ surrounded by a cell membrane (do not have a cell wall) ▶ There are many kinds of animal cells ▶ circular in shape Animal Cell Video 11:35
Animal Cell • Cell membrane • Vacuole • Cytoplasm • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Ribosome
Animal Cell Label and Color It!
Cell Videos! Cell Rap Video 3:08 Cell Song Video 3:09
Single-Celled Organisms 3 types: 1.Animal like Protist amoeba, paramecium, euglena • 2. Plant like Protist diatoms & euglena • 3. Bacteria type of moneran • Txtbk page 58 Intro to the Protists
1. Animal like Protists (Protozoan) ❑ Have a nucleus ❑ no chloroplasts ❑ they “eat” other small organisms (like algae & bacteria) ❑ Classified by the way they move & search for food (f lagella, cilia, or pseudopod) ❑ Examples: ✓ Amoeba - move cytoplasm & push against the cell membrane ✓ Paramecium - move by hair-like structures ✓ Euglena- move tail-like structure in a circular motion Amoeba eats 2 paramecium! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvOz4V699gk
Single Celled Organisms move with: Cilia (tiny hairs) Pseudopods Flagella (false foot) (lash like tail)
Amoeba Amoeba Cool Fact! Predators - they stretch out their cytoplasm to surround prey & then break it down into nutrients Parasites - harm other organisms by feeding off of them
2. Plant like Protists (algae) ▶ have chloroplasts, a cell wall, & make their own food ▶ eyespot used for sensing light and dark ▶ Many are found floating in the ocean or water ▶ Examples: Diatom - have chloroplasts, produce a lot of Earth’s oxygen & food 1. for ocean life. Euglena (yes, plant like too!) 2.
3. Bacteria ▶ Most don’t have chlorophyll ▶ Smallest monerans & found everywhere ▶ Bacteria are classified by their shape: ▶ spherical, rod, spiral, comma, or corkscrew Moneran is from the Greek word “m onos a” meaning solitary, single, alone
Cilia and flagella are used to help the cell move itself. Diseases like: Digestion Lyme disease Cheese cilia anthrax Yogurt tetanus Decomposition food poisoning acne pneumonia strep throat scarlet fever flagella Bacteria Video: https://www.brainpop.com/scienc e/cellularlifeandgenetics/bacteria/
Lesson 2: How do cells work together? (txtbk p. 61) 15. Tissue - group of cells that work together to preform a certain function 16. Organs - a group of tissues that work together to perform a certain function 17. Organ Systems - groups of organs that work together to do a job for the body 18. Digestive system – the organ system that turns food into nutrients that body cells need for energy, growth, and repair
Lesson 3: How do Body Systems Work Together? 19. Circulatory System – the organ system made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood that transports materials 20. Respiratory System – the organ system, including the lungs, that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment 21. Skeletal System – the organ system, including the bones, that protests the body and gives it structure 22. Muscular System – the organ system that includes the muscles and allows the body to move Textbk page 71
Lesson 3 continued: 23. Nervous System – the organ system including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that senses your surroundings and controls other organs 24. Excretory System – the organ system, including the kidneys and bladder, that removes waste materials from blood 25. Endocrine system – involved in regulating mood, growth and development, tissue function, and metabolism
Cells are Building Blocks Organism There are around 2.5 billion cells in one of your hands. If every cell in your hand was the size of a grain of sand, your hand would be the size of a school bus. There are over 200 cell types in the body!
There are many different kinds of cells! They all do specific jobs for special purposes. Each and every one is important and is part of a larger organ system. Cell Structures 2:13
A Closer Look at BLOOD! Plasma Platelets White Blood Cells Red Blood Cells • Mostly water delivers oxygen • help fight diseases help clot blood • delivers nutrients & removes wastes from cells https://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/blood/ Blood is a connective tissue!
Lesson 2 Notes: ▶ Cells work together to perform a certain function form a tissue ▶ Tissues work together to form organs ▶ Organs are several kinds of tissue working together for the same function ▶ We will learn about 8 organ systems: 1. Digestive 5. Muscular 2. Circulatory 6. Skeletal 3. Nervous 7. Excretory 4. Respiratory 8. Endocrine
Body Systems Review
1. Digestive System ❑ Breaks food down into chemical nutrients that body cells need for energy, growth, and repair ❑ The process: Mouth - glands produce saliva ▪ Esophagus ▪ ▪ Stomach - acid & other chemicals break down food Large to Small intestines – lined with villi ▪ Pancreas & gall bladder – complete ▪ digestion Digestion video! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_QYwscALNng
2. Circulatory System ❑ The organs: ▪ heart, blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, & veins), & blood ❑ The process: ▪ Arteries - blood leaves the heart Arteries-red Veins-blue ▪ Capillaries - very tiny Veins – return blood to the heart ▪ Circulatory video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgI80Ue-AMo
3. Nervous System ❑ The organs: ▪ Neurons, brain & spinal cord ❑ 2 main parts: ▪ Central nervous system – brain & spinal cord ▪ Peripheral nervous system – sensory organs (eyes, ears, fingers, nose, mouth) School House Rock-Nervous system: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivk_
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