Carnitol A specific formulation for horses
Carnitol, a special formulation for horses A unique combination • Carnitol is a unique combination of ingredients selected to stimulate energy metabolism and to optimize overall performances of horses L-Carnitine Sorbitol Plant extracts Magnesium 11/2013 Page 2
Carnitol, a special formulation for horses Carnitine, a key ingredient • Carnitine, derived from an amino acid, is found in nearly all cells of the body. • Carnitine is the generic term for a number of compounds that include L-carnitine, acetyl-L- carnitine, and propionyl-L-carnitine. • The D-form does not occur in nature but may be obtained by chemical synthesis. The D isomer of carnitine is biologically inactive and it also hinders activities of L-carnitine. 11/2013 Page 3
L- Carnitine : Main applications SPORT ANIMALS SPECIAL EFFECTS LIVESTOCK HORSES Muscle Buffer Liver protection Reproduction function Buffer function energy status Detoxification Fertility Growth Myocard Immune system Feed coversion Membranes effects Source : practical experiences with l-Carnitine Dr Stephan Jacobs (Cuxhaven, germany) lohmann information 11/2013 Page 4
Carnitol, a specific formula for horses L-Carnitine, a key ingredient for horses • Convert fat into energy . – Improve energy metabolism and energy feed convertion • Cardio-vascular system – Heart energy comes mostly from fat and L-Carnitine • Antioxidant support – Serves as an antioxidant • Maintaining muscle integrity – provide blood flow to smooth muscles 11/2013 Page 5
Carnitol, a specific formula for horses L-Carnitine, a key ingredient for improving the glucose metabolism Carnitine plays a critical role in energy production. It transports long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria so they can be oxidized ("burned") to produce energy (ATP) during the Beta oxydation process. Fats under long- chain fatty acids, constitutes an important source of energy for horses , at calm period or different intensive activities. It improves the efficiency of energy turn over. 11/2013 Page 6
Carnitol, a specific formulation for horses L-Carnitine, maintain muscle integrity By allowing a complete oxidation of the carbon hydrates which limits the formation of lactic acid By reducing the amount of harmful toxins produced during hard work it means less muscle damage and a better recovery. 11/2013 Page 7
Carnitol, a specific formulation for horses L-Carnitine, for foals, yearling,.. . The plasmatic concentration of carnitine increase with age by an improvement of the endogenic biosynthesis of the carnitine. (Foster et al. 1989) A supplementation in carnitine is recommended for pre-matured foals and young animals under two years old. Benamou and harris 1993 demonstrate that a supplementation in carnitine in the mare increase the concentration of carnitine in the plasma of their foals. 11/2013 Page 8
Carnitol, a specific formulation for horses L-Carnitine, for stallion fertility • Studies on others species show that a supplementation in carnitine has benefic results on the spermatozoid caracteristics. (Jacyno et al. 2007) • Carnitine is also a mark for the viability of the sperm after a fridge storage for an AI. (Stardaioli et al. 2000) • And at least carnitine supplementation act on hypo fertil stallion by an improvement on the formation and motility of the sperms. (Stradaiolo et al.2004) 11/2013 Page 9
Carnitol, a specific formulation for horses L-Carnitine, for horse with metabolic syndrome (overfat horses) A supplementation in carnitine upon its good effect on insulino sensibility improve the intake of glucids by the organism (van Weyenberg et al. 2009) and also increase the level of leptin in the blood after the feed intake . Leptin help to reduce appetite and so to prevent from obesity for horses and poneys. 11/2013 Page 10
Carnitol, a specific formulation for horses L-Carnitine, supplementary sources • Carnitine occurs naturally in microorganisms, plants and animals. • The major dietary sources are red meat, poultry, fish and dairy products [59]. Animal meals contain 10 to 20 times more L- carnitine than plant-based feedstuffs. 11/2013 Page 11
Carnitol, a specific formulation for horses L-Carnitine for animal health • Because feedstuffs are mainly composed by non-animal raw materials, it is useful to incorporate L-carnitine into diets to ensure that animals receive adequate amounts of L-carnitine. • L-carnitine oral supplementation is recommended in case of metabolic burdens such as exercise, heat or cold exposure or when energy demands are elevated (growth in young animals, high zootechnical performance or fat-enriched diet). 11/2013 Page 12
Carnitol, a specific formulation for horses L-Carnitine, distribution • L-carnitine oral supplementation can be realised either in the drinking water or directly in the diet. Since this compound is easily dissolved in water, the drinking water is often preferred to achieve a homogeneous mixture. 11/2013 Page 13
Carnitol, a specific formulation for horses Sorbitol, choleretic and cholagogue • Sorbitol is especially indicated for its favorable effect on liver metabolism. • Sorbitol increases the secretion of digestive enzymes (pancreatic one) and therefore promotes good digestion of feed and avoids fat overload by increasing the production of bile salt (choleretic and cholagogue effect) • Sorbitol acts as an osmotic substance and facilitates the elimination of toxic products. (lactic acid) 11/2013 Page 14
Carnitol, a specific formulation for horses Magnesium • Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation in the body and plays an important physiological role in many of its functions. • Magnesium balance is maintained by renal regulation of magnesium reabsorption. • Magnesium has a key role in many biological processes such as cellular energy metabolism, cell replication, and protein synthesis. • Magnesium allows horses to manage adrenaline rushes when they become stressed. • Magnesium also plays a huge role in allowing muscles to stay supple. 11/2013 Page 15
Carnitol, a specific formulation for horses Plant extracts : Artichock (Cynara scolymus ) • The active contituents of C. scolymus are mainly flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acid • These compounds have been proved to have hepatoprotective activity, hypolipidemic effect, antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory properties 11/2013 Page 16
Carnitol, a specific formulation for horses Plant extracts : Gentiana (Gentiana lutea ) • The active principles are the bitter tasting secoiridoid glycosides gentiopicrin and amarogentin. • G. lutea is very popular as a stomachic as well as a component in preparations showing beneficial effects in gall and liver diseases 11/2013 Page 17
Carnitol, a specific formulation for horses Energy metabolism improvement L-carnitine Transports long Sorbitol chain fatty acids Encourages bile Allows storage production and and release of secretion fats in case of Plant extracts high energy Hepatoprotective Stimulates liver needs and digestive activity Impact on milk functions Magnesium mare, foals, AROMA stallion, racing Energy metabolism horse. Protein synthesis help the horses to manage stressful situation and to keep supple muscle. 11/2013 Page 18
Carnitol, a specific formulation for horses Carnitol, advance formulation • L-carnitine : 60 000 mg/L • Sorbitol liquid : 360 g/L • Magnesium chloride hexahydrate 170 g/L • Plant extracts : Cynara scolymu s and Gentiana lutea 11/2013 Page 19
Carnitol, a specific formulation for horses Direction for use • Poultry, swine: 1ml/L of drinking water for 3 to 5 days • Cattle, camels, horses: 20 ml/100kg body weight per day . • Sheep, goats, calves: 4 ml/10 kg body weight per day. 11/2013 Page 20
Carnitol , a specific formulation for horses • Bibliographie • Benamou, A. E. and R. C. Harris (1993). Effect of carnitine supplement to the dam on plasma carnitine concentration in the sucking foal. Equine veterinary journal 25(1): 49-52. • Biagi, G., R. Luddi, et al. (1985). Use of l-carnitine in the working American trotting horse. Atti della Societa Italiana delle Scienze Veterinarie • 39(2): 305-308. • Foster, C. V., R. C. Harris, et al. (1989). Survey of plasma free carnitine levels • in 74 Thoroughbred horses at stud and in training. Equine veterinary journal 21(2): 139-141. • Foster, C. V. L. and R. C. Harris (1989). Plasma carnitine concentrations in the • horse following oral supplementation using a triple dose regime. Equine Veterinary Journal 21(5): 376-377. • Foster, C. V. L., R. C. Harris, et al. (1988). The effect of oral L-carnitine • supplementation on the muscle and plasma concentrations in the Thoroughbred horse. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, A (Comparative Physiology) 91(4): 827-835. • Iben, C., E. Moschitz, et al. (1999). Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on • heart rate and some blood parameters in the eventing horse. Wiener • Tierarztliche Monatsschrift 86(10): 330-338. 11/2013 Page 21
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