Carbon Literacy for Communities www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Keep Scotland Beautiful; what we do Sustainable development education Provide education initiatives for children, young people and educators Local environmental quality Provide advice support and training to help create and maintain cleaner and safer local areas Sustainability and climate change Work to help people to reduce carbon emissions and adapt to impacts of climate change Environmental services Help organisations meet environmental commitments and responsibilities www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
The Climate Challenge Fund The Climate Challenge Fund is a Scottish Government grant programme that provides funding and support for community-led organisations to run projects that reduce local carbon emissions, helping to tackle climate change. Since it was launched in 2008 the CCF has funded over 1,100 projects including: • energy efficiency improvements to community owned buildings and home energy efficiency advice • lower carbon travel options • community growing initiatives • schemes to tackle waste www.climatechallengefund.org
Training and support Keep Scotland Beautiful manages and administers the Climate Challenge Fund on behalf of the Scottish Government. Keep Scotland Beautiful has staff that support CCF applicants and those awarded grants. Keep Scotland Beautiful also offer free training, events and support to help communities across Scotland build their capacity to tackle climate change. www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf www.climatechallengefund.org
Carbon Literacy • Day One – Understanding and Communicating Climate Change “Carbon literacy means having an • Day Two – Low Carbon instinctive understanding of the carbon Behaviours impacts of our activities, and being able to make informed choices about the most energy and resource efficient and lower carbon options available to us.” Carbon Literacy Project www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Carbon Literacy Certification – Fill in short assessment You will also be asked: 1. What we need to do to become carbon neutral 2. Personal and Group carbon reducing action and why significant. www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Icebreaker Talk to the person next to you. Tell each other one thing you know for certain about climate change, and one thing you’re not so sure about? www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Aims of today • Examine the scientific basis for climate change • Explore the potential impacts of rising greenhouse gasses and a changing climate • Learn about communicating climate change and practice some techniques for doing so www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Structure of the day • Morning – looking at the science behind climate change; and how our climate is changing already. What is being done about it? • Lunch • Afternoon – Myth busting and thinking about how we communicate the climate case www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Why is climate change happening? www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
The Greenhouse Effect • Greenhouse gases (GHGs)naturally occur in Earth’s atmosphere • Without GHGs the average global temperature would be around 30ºC lower than it is today. • Human activity increasing concentration of GHGs www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Natural Carbon cycle – low human impact SOURCES SINKS www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Altered Carbon balance SINKS SOURCES www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Causes of Climate Change www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Causes of climate change • Increase in greenhouse gas emissions – this causes the natural blanket around the atmosphere to ‘thicken’ trapping in more heat. • Greenhouse gases = Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ), Methane (CH 4 ), Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O). Fact: Since start of industrial era levels of main greenhouse gases increased (CO 2 – 40%; CH 4 – 150% and N 2 O – 20%) www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
The Science Bit www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Svante August Arrhenius (1859 – 1927) • The first person to predict that emissions of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels and other combustion processes were large enough to cause global warming in 1896 “… any doubling of the percentage of carbon dioxide in the air would raise the temperature of the earth's surface by 4° …we may hope to enjoy ages with more equable and better climates, especially as regards the colder regions of the earth, ages when the earth will bring forth much more abundant crops than at present, for the benefit of rapidly propagating mankind.” www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Alexander Graham Bell In 1927 wrote: "[The unchecked burning of fossil fuels] would have a sort of greenhouse effect“ "The net result is the greenhouse becomes a sort of hot-house." www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
1922 1912 1988 www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Evidence – The Keeling Curve Current level: 410 PPM Keeling Curve on Twitter www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Ice Cores • Ice cores contain information about temperature and gases • Antarctica – ice cores can stretch back 800,000 years source: http://planetearth.nerc.ac.uk/news/story.aspx?id=609 Darker layers winter Arrowed layers summer source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_core www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Ice Cores - Evidence 2019 level 410ppm www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Start of industrial revolution This graph, based on the comparison of atmospheric samples contained in ice cores and more recent direct measurements, provides evidence that atmospheric CO 2 has increased since the Industrial Revolution. (Credit: Vostok ice core data/J.R. Petit et al.; NOAA Mauna Loa CO2 record.). Taken from http://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/ www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Earthbook http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/earth_temperature_timeline.png www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Tea and coffee break www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Climate Justice www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Carbon emissions - current http://www.carbonmap.org/#Emissions www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Carbon emissions - historical www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
People at Risk www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Development vs. Climate Change • “The right to development is an inalienable human right by virtue of which every human person and all peoples are entitled to participate in, contribute to, and enjoy economic, social, cultural and political development, in which all human rights and fundamental freedoms can be fully realized.” (Article 1.1, Declaration on the Right to Development) • Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
The Carbon Budget www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Current Impacts and Evidence www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
IPCC • Warming of the climate system is unequivocal , and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. • In the Northern Hemisphere, 1983 – 2012 was likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 1400 years. • Global surface temperature change for the end of the 21st century is likely to exceed 1.5 C relative to 1850 to 1900. • It is likely to exceed 2 ° C for high emissions scenarios www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2018 - Special Report on Climate Change at 1.5C • Global average temperature is 1C warmer; this is greater over land and 2-3 times greater at the poles. • We’re not locked in to 1.5C warming (yet!) • The difference between 1.5C warming and 2C is significant • Limiting warming to 1.5C is technically feasible – but a huge challenge • We can limit warming AND meet the Sustainable Development Goals (if we focus on reducing energy demand) www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Climate Stripes – Global average temperature 1850-2017 www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Climate Stripes – Scotland 1884-2018 www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Melting Ice - Sea Source: http://www.skepticalscience.com/Global-Warming-in-a-Nutshell.html www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Melting Ice - Sea www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Melting Ice - Glacial Retreat Qori Kalis glacier, Peru http://climate.nasa.gov/state_of_flux#Qori-Kalis-930px-80-v2.jpg www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Sea Level Rise • Melting of glaciers and Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets • Thermal expansion • Sea levels rising at a rate of 1.7 mm per year Fact: Average global sea • Thousands of coastal level rose 0.19m over a cities and whole period between 1901-2010 islands at risk. www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Nature Polar Bears in Hudson Bay, Canada 1,200 polar bears Hunt on the ice during Spring Put on 50-75% of their body fat in these months Source: www.hngn.com But: Ice in Hudson Bay melts 3 weeks Not just Polar Bears at risk, the IUCN have identified many species earlier now that are affected by climate change Less chance for the bears to feed The report can be found at Come on to shore 10kg lighter http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/ species_and_climate_change.pdf www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
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