Carbon Capture and Storage Value Chain Capture and Compression - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Carbon Capture and Storage Value Chain Capture and Compression Large Stationary Sources Capture $51, 73% Storage $9, 13% Compression $7, 11% Pipeline Transport Deep Subsurface Storage Transport $2, 3% National Energy 1 Technology Laboratory

Carbon Capture and Storage Ingredients for Success Capture Technology Sufficient and Secure Efficient Power Systems Low Cost Storage Formations Integrated Demonstration Projects National Energy 2 Technology Laboratory

Strategic Center for Coal Advancing Technologies in Power Generation Utilizing Coal ~420 projects $11.3B Total ($3.3B DOE) * Relevance of R&D, Leverages, Promotes Commercialization 100 Today 90 2nd-Gen Transformational 80 70 60 50 40 2025 ( commercial Today 2035 deployment ) Office of Coal and Office of Major Office of Program Power R&D Demonstrations Performance & Benefits National Energy * Data for active projects as of October 28, 2015 3 Technology Laboratory

Office of Coal and Power R&D Advancing Technologies that Transform Power Generation PCOR BIG SKY WESTCARB MRCSP MGSC SWP SECARB Advanced Energy Systems STEP CO 2 Storage CO 2 Capture Gasification Program Turbines Program Storage Infrastructure Combustion Pre-combustion Geologic Storage Post-Combustion Fuel Cells Monitoring, Verification, Coal & Coal-Biomass to Liquids Accounting & Assessment Applied Research Engineering Pre-commercial Testing Demonstration Development Enabling Technologies (Crosscutting) Program Materials, Computational Tools, Intelligent Sensors and Controls National Energy 4 Technology Laboratory

Office of Coal and Power R&D FY15 ~ $400* Million, Active Projects ~ 410 PCOR BIG SKY WESTCARB MRCSP MGSC SWP SECARB Advanced Energy Systems CO 2 Capture CO 2 Storage STEP Program Program $113 Million** $88 Million $100 Million 136 Projects 58 Projects 100 Projects Applied Research Engineering Pre-commercial Testing Demonstration Development Enabling Technologies (Crosscutting) Program $49 Million, 115 Projects *Includes $15 M for Rare Earth Research and $35Million to NETL Office of Research and Development ** Includes AES and STEP (Supercritical CO 2 Power Cycles) National Energy 5 Data as of September 2015 Technology Laboratory

Coal Power and CO 2 Capture Technologies Aspects Also Applicable to Natural Gas Oxygen High-Pressure 65% LHV Pressure Gain Production Dry Feed Combustion Turbines Combustion Warm Syngas Combustion Integrated Gasification Transformational Gasification Cleanup Turbine Fuel Cells (IGFC) H2 Production Pre-Combustion Components CO 2 Capture Oxygen Radically Engineered Production Modular Systems (REMS) Bio-Gasification DG SOFC 2 nd -Generation Transformational Combustion AUSC Steam Chemical Transformational Atmospheric Pressurized Cycles Looping Oxy-Combustion CO 2 Separation Oxy-combustion Supercritical Post-Combustion Direct Power CO 2 Cycles CO 2 Capture Extraction Water High Performance Sensors & Simulation-Based Management Materials Controls Engineering National Energy 6 Technology Laboratory

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Technology Team (sCO 2 Tech Team) Energy Huntsville Summit - 2015 Brian K. Robinson Office of Nuclear Energy (NE) November 17, 2015

Supercritical CO 2 Cycle Has Broad Applicability Supercritical CO 2 5 Brayton Cycle 1 Solar SunShot Power Cycle Nuclear Turbine Compressors Alternator Waste Heat Chiller 2 6 3 CO 2 7 4 8 HT Recup LT Recup Space Solar Electric Propulsion Geothermal Fossil Sequestration Ready The long-term vision is widespread commercial deployment of a transformational technology 8

Supercritical CO 2 : Transformational Energy Systems 5-stage Dual Turbine Comparison Lo Hi Lo  Rankine efficiency is 33%  Supercritical CO 2 (sCO 2 ) potential to surpass 50% efficiency  Greatly reduced cost for sCO 2 compared to the cost of conventional steam Rankine cycle  sCO 2 compact turbo machinery is easily scalable 3-stage Single Turbine Hi Lo 1 meter sCO 2 (300 MWe) 20 meter Steam Turbine (300 MWe) ( Brayton Cycle ) (Rankine Cycle ) 9

sCO 2 Brayton Cycle Benefits Economic and environmental benefits of the technology include: • Broad applicability to variety of heat sources • Higher plant efficiency • Reduced fuel consumption and emissions • Low cooling water consumption • Compact design/footprint lowers capital cost Public policy benefits include: • U.S. leadership in a transformative technology • Enhanced U.S. global competitiveness • Progress towards DOE Strategic Goals and President’s Climate Action Plan What is the appropriate Federal Role? • Part of DOE’s mission is to develop innovative technology solutions to meet our energy and environmental challenges • Appropriate where the private sector risks are too high, the potential public benefits are significant and aligned with policy goals • Leverages core competencies and assets 10

sCO 2 Program Needs Nominal Application-Specific Conditions for sCO 2 Turbo Machinery (Ref. sCO 2 Power Cycle Technology Roadmapping Workshop, February 2013, SwRI San Antonio, TX) 11

Current Status Objective: Construct the 10 MWe scale Supercritical Transformational Electric Power (STEP) pilot scale facility and address technical issues, reduce risk, and mature sCO 2 technology for demonstration. Activities: • NE support for SNL sCO 2 facility, R&D on compact heat exchanger design/code qualification (ongoing activity) • Developing a consortium that will promote industrial engagement and allow sharing of pre-commercial ideas and technology • Final negotiations for conceptual design cost and schedule RFP (12/15) • Accomplishments: • NE issued RFP for conceptual design and cost July 2015 • FE released (3/23/15) and awarded (9/4/15) an FOA for advanced recuperator development and fabrication (10MW, 700C) • EERE selected multi-year sCO 2 projects on 9/17/15 for solar specific and broad-based applications. Examples of the latter include high-temperature recuperator design and build, materials corrosion testing, and compressor design and build to allow for more variable operating conditions 12

Summary/Take Away • Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO 2 )-based power cycles have shown the potential to increase the efficiency and decrease the cost of electricity generation compared to existing steam based power cycles. • sCO 2 cycle is relevant to electric power generation for concentrating solar, nuclear, fossil fuel, geothermal and waste heat recovery applications. • Technology risk is currently too high and payoff too long term for industry to go it alone. Some companies are prepositioning themselves as first movers which underscores the perceived potential of this technology 13

Backup Slides 14

sCO 2 Development History (DOE) • NE has pursued research on sCO 2 (Brayton Cycle) for over a decade • NE’s vision - Raise public and government interest for building a demonstration facility (‘09) • Offices of Fossil Energy (FE) and Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) developed program specific R&D activities (‘10) • Intra-program discussions begin to coordinate efforts (‘11) • sCO 2 Power Cycles Technology Road Mapping Workshop (‘13) • Presented R&D efforts and highlighted the need for a collaborative path forward • DOE Offices agreed that a commercial scale demonstration was needed to confirm benefits of sCO 2 technology 15

Commercializing the sCO 2 Recompression Closed Brayton Cycle Gary E. Rochau, (505) 845-7543, gerocha@sandia.gov Advanced Nuclear Concepts Nuclear Energy Systems Laboratory/Brayton Lab (Brayton.sandia.gov) Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE -AC04-94AL85000. SAND2014-17447 PE

Recompression Closed Brayton Cycle (RCBC) Test Article (TA) at Sandia National Labs • TA under test since 4/2010 • Over 100 kW-hrs of power generated • Operated in 3 configurations • Simple Brayton • GE Waste Heat Cycle • Recompression • Verified cycle performance • Developed Cycle Controls • Progressing toward power generation • Developing maintenance TA Description: procedures Heater – 750 kW, 550 ° C Load Bank – 0.75 MWe Max Pressure - 14 MPa Gas Compressor to scavenge TAC gas TACs – 2 ea, 125 kWe @ 75 kRPM, Inventory Control 2 power turbines, 2 compressors Turbine Bypass(Remote controlled) High Temp Recuperator - 2.3 MW duty ASME B31.1 Coded Pipe, 6 Kg/s flow rate Low Temp Recuperator – 1.7 MW duty Engineered Safety Controlling Hazards 17 Gas Chiller – 0.6 MW duty Remotely Operated

Path to High Efficiency 18

Emissions Reduction vs. Cycle Efficiency 40 Emissions Reduction from 33% 35 Efficiency Value [%] 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 30 35 40 45 50 55 Cycle Efficiency 19

Supercritical CO 2 Cycle Applicable to Nuclear Most Thermal Sources (Gas, Sodium, Water) Solar DOE-NE Advanced Reactors Supercritical CO 2 Brayton Cycle SunShot Power Cycle 5 1 Military Turbine Compressors Alternator Waste Heat CONUS Chiller 2 Marine 6 ARRA 3 Mobile? Geothermal CO 2 4 7 8 HT Recup LT Recup Fossil Gas Turbine Sequestration Ready Bottoming 20