Out-of-Study Practices as Investments in Rivalling Forms of Symbolic Capital Using specific MCA for mapping differences among Swedish Higher Education Students Presented at the CARME conference Rennes, 8-11 February, 2011 Ida LIDEGRAN & Mikael PALME Sociology of Education and Culture (SEC) Uppsala University http://www.skeptron.uu.se
Social structure of higher education (simplified) STOCKHOLM SCHOOL Medical OF ECONOMICS doctors MEDICINE Lawyers Executives ACADEMY OF ART LAW University High civil teachers servants Art POLITICAL producers SCIENCE ECONOMICS Secondary Middle managers teachers private sector Healthcare professions BUSINESS SCHOOLS TEACHER Small EDUCATION businessmen Primary teachers Craftsmen Skilled Access to elite higher workers education programmes is Unskilled determined largely by workers acquired educational capital and inherited cultural capital 2
Social fields and different forms of field specific symbolic capital Field of finance Field of art ACADEMY OF ART MEDICINE High civil STOCKHOLM SCHOOL Big firms OF ECONOMICS servants executives University teachers Medical Lawyers doctors Art producers LAW ECONOMICS Secondary Middle managers teachers private sector Healthcare professions Observed differences between practices, values, beliefs, language, self presentation, etc., among students at elite institutions are understandable as differences related to the specific symbolic capital needed for the entry into different social fields. Ex . individuality and originality as opposed to efficiency and self-management Instead of talking about different forms of cultural capital, we have opted for talking about different forms of symbolic capital with both common and competing components 3
Research questions 1. What differences exist with regard to out-of-study practices among students at socially and scholarly selective Swedish higher education institutions? 2. To what extent do such differences indicate investments in competing forms of symbolic capital? 4
Population 1300 students at 25 socially and scholarly selective higher education study programs in the Stockholm and Uppsala area. 5
Selected areas in the questionnaire The original questionnaire comprises 84 question areas covering study careers, social origin, practices and attitudes in various areas Selected here: practices related to Media practices: Newspapers, TV, Radio (8 questions, 22 categories, representing 27,5%) Cultural practices: Theatre, Literature, Art, Music, Movies (10 questions, 32 categories, 43,1%) Body-oriented practices: Clothes, Sports, Outdoor activities (8 questions, 23 categories, 29,4%) 6
Eigenvalues, Axes 1-20 0,1600 0,1400 0,1200 0,1000 0,0800 0,0600 0,0400 0,0200 0,0000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 7
Axis 1 Media practices = dark shade Cultural practices = gray shade Body-oriented practices = white shade Axis 1 - variables Ctr Positive , modalities Ctr Negative, modalities Ctr Art museum and galleries 11,71 Both art museum & gall 5,80 No art museum or gall 5,78 Culture page in newspaper 9,77 Culture page 4,10 No culture page 5,67 Read poets 9,17 Poets, 2-4 poets 5,30 No poets 1,76 Poets, 1 poet 2,11 Seen movies 9,14 Movies, 2 categories 6,76 Movie, 1 category 2,05 Listen pop music 8,56 Pop, 2 categories 3,52 No pop 5,03 Buy second hand clothes 8,28 Cloth sec hand, 1-2 categ. 6,51 No cloth sec hand 1,76 Listen to commercial radio 6,38 Not commercial radio 3,60 Commercial radio 2,78 Listen to Radio-P1 5,80 Radio-P1 4,67 Listen to folk music 5,35 Folk music, 3-4 categories 3,57 No folk music 1,66 Go to theatre 5,22 Theatre, 2 categories 3,61 No theatre 1,61 8
Axis 2 0.091 1.0 No theatre 0.5 Cloth sec hand 1-2 Poets 1 WEAK Not commercial radio STRONG STRONG Radio-P1 Poets 2-4 CULTURAL No pop CULTURAL CULTURAL No art PRACTICES PRACTICES PRACTICES Movie > 1 No folk music Cultural pra Axis 1 Pop 2 l practices - 0 Folk music 3-4 0.144 Movie 1 Culture page No poets Theatre > 2 Both editorial/debat No culture page No cloth sec hand Both art museum and gallery Classical music 3 Jazz 2-3 Commercial radio -0.5 -1.0 9 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
Axis 2 Axis 2 Variables Ctr Positive, modalities Ctr Negative, modalities Ctr Sport activities 11,10 No sport activ 4,43 Sport activ, 4-5 categories 3,92 Sport activ, 1 category 1,72 Buy expensive cloth 9,00 Cloth exp, 1-4 categories 8,11 Buy juvenile cloth 8,76 No cloth juven 3,60 Cloth juven, 2-5 categ. 3,47 Cloth juven, 1 categ. 1,69 Swimming and skiing vac. 8,69 No swim/skiing vac 4,06 Swim or skiing vac. 1,52 Both swim and skiing vac 3,10 Read economy page 8,46 No economy page Economy page 6,70 Attitude towards quality 8,45 Quality cloths unimportant 2,02 Quality cloths important 4,74 cloths Quality cloths no attitude 1,69 Buy cloths, chain stores 6,52 Cloth chain stores, 2 categ. 3,40 No cloth chain stores 3,02 Listen to hiphop/techno 6,40 No hip hop/techno 2,82 Hip hop/techno, 2-3 cat. 2,99 Attitude towards Conscious cloth not Conscious clothing 5,01 2,21 1,65 conscious clothing important important Read newspapers 4,96 Newspaper SvD (conserv.) 3,30 Listen to jazz 4,52 No jazz 2,85 Read sports page 3,71 Sports page 2,90 Go to theatre 3,60 No theatre 2,32 10
PRACTICES ORIENTED TOWARDS ECONOMY AND COSTLY BODY INVESTMENTS - WEAK ented practices - Axis 2 0.091 No sport activ 1.0 Cloth conscious no Cloth chain 2 Cloth quality unimp No cloth juven No theatre No jazz 0.5 No swim/skiing vac Sport activ 1 No hip hop/techno No economic page No cloth conscious No cloth quality Axis 1 WEAK STRONG 0 0.144 CULTURAL CULTURAL Cloth conscious yes PRACTICES PRACTICES Swim or skiing vac Sports page Cloth juven 1 Newspaper SvD -0.5 Cloth quality imp No cloth chain Hip hop/techno 2-3 Economics page Cloth juven 2-5 Both swim and skiing Sport activ 4-5 -1.0 Cloth exp 1-4 ented practices ++ 11 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 PRACTICES ORIENTED TOWARDS ECONOMY AND COSTLY BODY INVESTMENTS - STRONG
Axis 3 Axis 3 Ctr Positive, modalities Ctr Negative, modalities Ctr Buy cloths, chain stores 11,26 Cloth chain stores, 1 categ 3,96 No cloth chain store 6,32 Listen to Radio-P3 10,24 Radio-P3 4,77 No Radio-P3 5,47 Listen to classical music 9,15 No classical music 3,20 Classical music, 3 categ. 5,59 Listen to Radio-P1 8,24 No Radio-P1 3,89 Radio-P1 4,35 Read editorial and debate 7,39 No editorial/debate page 3,88 Both edit and debate pages 3,48 pages Attitude towards quality 6,98 Quality cloths unimportant 3,67 Quality cloths important 3,01 cloths Listen to pop music 6,51 No pop music 3,53 Pop music, 2 categories 2,43 Read economy page 6,12 No economy page 2,07 Economy page 4,05 Attitude towards conscious 5,88 Conscious clothing important 2,11 Conscious cloth no attitude 2,12 clothing Conscious clothing unimport 1,65 Read newspaper 5,40 Newspaper local 1,91 Newspaper SvD (conserv) 2,39 Listen to rock music 4,09 Rock music, 2 categories 2,14 No rock music 1,44 Listen to hip hop/techno 3,82 Hip hop/techno, 1 category 2,51 12
Mainstream practices MAINSTREAM PRACTICES Axis 3 Cloth quality unimp Newspaper local 0.072 No editorial/debate Pop 2 Rock music 2 Hip hop/techno 1 0.4 Radio no P1 Radio-P3 No economic page No classical music Cloth conscious yes Axis 1 0.144 WEAK STRONG 0 CULTURAL CULTURAL PRACTICES PRACTICES No hip hop/techno Cloth chain 2 Cloth quality important Newspaper SvD Theatre > 2 -0.4 No rock music No pop Both editorial/debat Economics page Cloth exp 1-4 Cloth conscious no Radio-P1 No Radio P3 -0.8 No cloth chain Classical music 3 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Traditionally legitimate practices TRADITIONALLY LEGITIMATE PRACTICES 13
Economy and body oriented practices - PRACTICES ORIENTED TOWARDS ECONOMY AND COSTLY BODY INVESTMENTS - WEAK Axis 2 0.8 0.4 Fine arts Cultural practices - WEAK STRONG Axis 1 Cultural practices ++ CULTURAL CULTURAL 0 PRACTICES PRACTICES Engineering-Industrial -0.4 -0.8 14 -0.4 0 0.4 0.8 PRACTICES ORIENTED TOWARDS ECONOMY AND COSTLY BODY INVESTMENTS - STRONG Economy and body oriented practices ++
PRACTICES ORIENTED TOWARDS ECONOMY AND COSTLY BODY-INVESTMENTS - WEAK Economy and body oriented practices - 0.8 Axis 2 0.4 Science WEAK STRONG Cultural practices - CULTURAL CULTURAL Cultural practices ++ 0 PRACTICES PRACTICES Axis 1 Economics -0.4 -0.8 15 -0.4 0 0.4 0.8 PRACTICES ORIENTED TOWARDS ECONOMY AND COSTLY BODY-INVESTMENTS - STRONG Economy and body oriented practices ++
Economy and body oriented practices - PRACTICES ORIENTED TOWARDS ECONOMY AND COSTLY BODY INVESTMENTS - WEAK 0.8 Axis 2 0.4 WEAK STRONG Cultural practices - CULTURAL CULTURAL Cultural practices ++ 0 PRACTICES PRACTICES Axis 1 Medical program -0.4 -0.8 16 PRACTICES ORIENTED TOWARDS ECONOMY AND COSTLY BODY INVESTMENTS - STRONG -0.4 0 0.4 0.8 Economy and body oriented practices ++
Stockholm School of Economics 17
Royal Institute of Art 18
Royal Institute of Tecnology 19
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