BUILDING ON YOUR EXPERIENCE All of you have implemented many projects - Why have you done this? How do you know if your project is going in the right direction? What have you been doing to ensure that desired results are being achieved?
WHAT IS RBM? RBM is a management approach aimed to improve management effectiveness and accountability in achieving results. RBM is focused on chain results: output, outcomes, and impact.
LETS BEGIN BY LOOKING AT THE PROJECT CYCLE What are the components of a Project Cycle?
Situational Assessment Result Evaluation Planning Implementation & Monitoring
RESULT In any Project, what is a result? A result is a measurable change Change – intended and unintended
WHAT IS A RESULT ? When you ou th thin ink of of re result th thin ink of of on only on one wor ord – CHANGE CHANGE . At At tim time of of pl planning: CHANGE IS S FOR OR IMPROVEMENT : : 10 10 DPOs giv given pig pigle lets fo for IGP At At tim time of of moni onitoring: Cha hange may y not not be so so po positi tive – it it may y eve ven be neg negati tive: 05 05 DPOs kill killed pig pigs fo for ow own use use/ 05 05 DPOs so sold ld pig pigle lets for for Rs. s. 25 25,0 ,000 to be MEASURABLE CHANGE It t ha has to (E (Exa xample: 05 05 DPOs go got t in increased in income/ 50% 50% DPOs go got t incr increased inco income)
WHAT IS A RESULT ? Example 1: Do not speak of the “Empowerment” of PWDs, speak of accessibility to: knowledge (includes skills) (MIND) resources (money/ property/ accessibility to buildings/ education) (MATERIAL) decision making. Example 2: See Annexure 1: Story of Hardy and Smarty
LEARNING : Smarty took time : To plan To monitor To prepare To think of the Result.
THR HREE EE LEVELS LS OF A F A RESUL ULT T ? Output: Immediate change that happens when we do our activities: “What was the lesson learnt from “Hardy and Smarty”? 10 participants have understood the concepts spoken of in the session. Outcome: Foreseen change that would occur by/ at the end of the Project: At least 200 women do animal rearing and improve their income by a minimum of Rs. 5000 per month. Impact: Change that is sustained by the end of the partnership/ beyond the period of partnership as a result of various initiatives in that area, the CBR programme being only one of them – these include other initiatives by the same NGO/ other NGOs/ other funding agencies/ Government etc: 200 women have greater control over their resources – make independent decisions on the investment and utilization of the money.
GOLDEN RULE : START ART THINK HINKING NG FROM ROM IMPAC MPACT T DOWN WNWAR ARDS DS AND D NOT OT FROM ROM ACTIV CTIVIT ITIE IES S UPW PWAR ARDS DS. SUMMARY: LEVELS OF A RESULT Fifth year/ Beyond the IMPACT Long Term Project Intermediate/ Medium By/ At the end of the OUTCOME Term Project/ Phase OUTPUT Immediate/ Short Term During the Project
How do you as an NGO arrive at Outputs, Outcomes and Impact statements in your current work?
In RBM we start with Situational Analysis with the help of two tools: 1. Problem Tree Analysis 2. Solution Tree Analysis
PROBLEM TREE ANALYSIS PROBLEM TREE ANALYSIS IS AN ANALYTICAL PROCESS AND TOOL THAT CAN BE USED TO ASCERTAIN THE ROOT CAUSES OF A GIVEN PROBLEM, AND ALSO ITS EFFECTS.
BENEFITS FROM PTA Helps in clearly understanding the causes and effects of the problem Helps in finding a comprehensive solution and effectively planning the project. Helps in selection of the most viable strategy. Helps in ascertaining the project objective/Outcome and also the outputs.
HOW TO DO PTA Decide a problem statement 1. Identify all possible causes for given problem 2. Identify direct, immediate (I level) causes of the problem 3. from the listed out causes and place them below the problem. If there is more than one cause, place them both below the 4. problem, but parallel to each other. Explore the further direct causes of each of the I level cause 5. identified and place them below. Carry on exploring till you reach the root of the problem. 6.
When to stop the analysis You may stop if you are entering altogether a new sector. For e.g.:- you are exploring the causes of poor maternal health and you reach low literacy rate as one of the sub causes. You may also stop if you reach aspects of human nature. For e.g.:- lack of desire/willingness on part of the people to do something. You may stop when start blaming the government
GROUP WORK Five groups: Group 1: Education Group 2: Health Group 3: Social. Group 4: Livelihood Group 5: Empowerment Task: Select 1 Problem Statement pertaining to your area and prepare: 1. Problem Tree Analysis 2. Solution Tree Analysis
THREE LEVELS OF GROWTH OF NGO ACTION: Achieving is the result of doing : results in changes in lives. :OUTPUTS/ OUTCOMES/ IMPACTS Doing includes engaging, dharnas, meeting with govt. officers, self help action, rights action, etc. Being includes meeting, minutes, record keeping, attendance, discussing, etc.
WORDING IMPACTS AND OUTCOMES : Form 5 groups (1) and discuss the following questions: Expected outcomes: Changes expected to be achieved by the end of the next two years Expected impacts: changes to be achieved during / beyond partnership period. The above queries are to be discussed with reference to the area allocated to your group using the following format: Expected outcomes Expected Impacts Areas(2) by the end of the next two during / beyond partnership years After 30 minutes, 1. Education 1.1 1 each group 1.2 will make a 2. Health 2.1 2 presentatio 3. Livelihood 3.1 3 n. 4. Social 4.1 4 5. Empowerment 5.1 5 Examples of Impacts and Outcomes (3) 1. EACH GROUP TO TAKE UP ONE AREA ONLY : DO A PROBLEM AND SOLUTION ANALYSIS 2. MAINSTREAMING AND ADVOCACY IS TO BE PART OF EACH OF THE AREAS LISTED 3. EXAMPLES OF IMPACTS AND OUTCOMES (ANNEXURE 02) – TO BE GIVEN AFTER THE EXERCISE
To achieve an OUTPUT: WHO DO YOU WORK WITH? WHAT DO YOU DO WITH THEM? (Activities) = STRATEGY
WHA HAT IS THE HE STRATE TEGY Y ? STRATE TEGY THE MODE E OF DOING ING ACTIV IVIT ITIES IES IS THE E STRATEGY. TEGY. STR STRATEG ATEGY INFL INFLUENC UENCES ES YOUR YOUR ACTI CTIVIT ITIES IES AND AND OUTPU PUTS TS.
WORDING STRATEGIES AND PROCESS TO REALIZE THE OUTCOMES : STRATE ATEGY Y & PROC OCESS SS 1. 1. The mode e of achiev eving ing the outcomes es is the e STRATE ATEGY Two questi tion ons that at would point t to the e strategy ategy are: e: Who do we have e to work k with? What at do we do with them? 2. The sequence 2. ce of steps will l then n have e to be worked ked out: : This is the PROCESS.
To achieve an OUTPUT: WHO DO YOU WORK WITH? WHAT DO YOU DO WITH THEM? (Activities) = STRATEGY Activity 1 PROCES OUTCOM OUTPUTS IMPAC Activity 2 S ES T Activity 3
WHAT IS THE PROCESS LEADING TO THE RESULT ? PROCESS CESS THINK NK OF THIS IS AS A LOGICAL GICAL SEQUENC UENCE – A RES ESULT ULT ORIENT IENTED ED PROCES OCESS: : A COMBINA BINATI TION ON OF ACTIVIT ITIES IES LEAD ADING ING TO OUTPUT PUTS.
EXAMPLES: OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES : Output: 250 women become aware about benefits of rearing animals in a scientific way. Activity: Orientation program on animal rearing on a scientific basis. Output: Men agree to the idea of women taking up independent enterprise and providing support rather than obstruction. Activity: Meetings with men / husbands of potential women participants. Output: 250 women gather the knowledge and skills to rear animals. Activity: 4 Trainings on animal rearing (theoretical and practical). Activity: 10 Visits to an animal farm and progressive animal rearers (batches of 25).
EXAMPLES: OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES : Output: 225 women mobilize loans and purchase animals. Activity: Facilitate linkage with the banks and the market for purchase of animals. Output: 225 women construct sheds and take proper care of animals. Activity: Facilitate and supervise the construction of sheds. Activity: Make follow up visits and provide technical guidance on the farm (at least one visit to each beneficiary each month). Activity: Follow up training (4 programs for 100 beneficiaries) to address the issues. Activity: Facilitate visit of animal rearers to identified better practitioners (4 local farm days).
EXAMPLES: OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES : Output: At least 215 women begin to sell their products in their respective local markets. Activity: Facilitate linkage with the market for sale of animals. Activity: Training on marketing (4 training programs – each batch to have approx 25 trainees).
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