Brief Overview: Wastewater Treatment in the UK Present by Junbin Huang Contact: junbin_huang@outlook.com Intern to Vasavya Mehila Mandali & NVH Global Ltd 28 th September, 2017 1
Little bio about myself 2
Life in the UK 3
University Life-University of Surrey (2013-2017) 4
Overview ▶ Introduction ▶ Driving force of public sanitation in the UK ▶ Wastewater treatment in the UK ▶ Sustainable development ▶ My prospective of wastewater treatment in India ▶ Discussion 5
Importance of Wastewater Treatment Wastewater is a source of biomass, and it can play a key role in boosting the regional economy Improves living standard of local people Poor sanitation leads to poor public health, which brings series of economic as well as social issues Reduces environmental impact from human 6 activities
Technologies in Wastewater Treatment ▶ So what are the technologies for wastewater treatment? Categories Biological Physico-chemical Anaerobic Aerobic 7
Anaerobic Characteristics: ▶ Relatively small reactor size ▶ Able to generate energy in the form of biogas ▶ Reduces organic content in wastewater ▶ Less energy required ▶ Less sludge produced, hence less maintaince and pumping Limitations: ▶ Oil and grease are not easily degraded ▶ Anaerobic process only partially degrades organics, further treatment usually required 8
Aerobic Limitations: Characteristics: ▶ Excess sludge is high ▶ Capable to handle high BOD influent loading (up ▶ Required larger area to 120 g/m^2/day ▶ Emission of unpleasant odor during treatment ▶ Excellent effluent quality in terms of COD, BOD using lagoons and nutrient removal ▶ No report shown complete removal of organics 9
Physico-chemical Limitations: Characteristics: ▶ Secondary pollutants produced in chemical ▶ Coagulation/flocculation, physical adsorption, coagulation process Electro-oxidation ▶ Electo-coagulation process requires to be ▶ Combined system of coagulation with adsorption regularly replaced has been report to give up to 96% organics ▶ Efficiency decrease over time for removal rate electro-coagulation method 10
Choosing the right of technology ▶ Improper selection will lead to high failure rate of wastewater treatment structure. ▶ Framework available for choosing the right treatment system 11
Capacity factor analysis framework Service 1. Institutional 2. Human Resources 3. Technical 4. Economic/Financial 5. Energy Availability 6. Natural Resources 7. Social/Culture 8. 12
Overview ▶ Introduction ▶ Driving force of public sanitation in the UK ▶ Wastewater Treatment in the UK ▶ Sustainable Development ▶ My prospective of Wastewater treatment in India ▶ Discussion 13
London in the early 19 th century Before mid 19 th century, London replied on sewage system which were built in the late 15 th century. The so called ‘sewage system’ was made up of open ditches sloped to convey waste to the River Thames. People collected their drink water, washed their clothes at the same place where all human excrement were discharged. 14
London in the early 19 th century 15
Cholera Outbreak (Early to mid-19 th century) Causes: ▶ Blooming city population due to industrialization and urbanization ▶ Poor drainage systems ▶ lack of knowledge in medicine and awareness in public sanitation ▶ Lack of law and legislation 16
Turning point: Germ Theory ▶ John Snow had shown cholera spread through water in 1854 but didn’t explain why. However, it did lead to awareness in public hygiene and water sanitation. ▶ Discovery of Germ Theory explained how diseases spread and shows how epidemic could stop through good hygiene ▶ Eventually this leads to the Second Public Health Act as it was clear that poor housing, dirty water encourage 17
Overview ▶ Introduction ▶ Driving force of public sanitation in the UK ▶ Wastewater treatment in the UK ▶ Sustainable development ▶ My prospective of Wastewater treatment in India ▶ Discussion 18
How wastewater is treated in the UK? Urban Rural 19
Treatment Companies 11 major Water Companies in the UK Due to privatization in 1989, all water companies in the UK are private, but operate under strict regulation and law. Domestic wastewater are sent to the water company via piping network (Urban area) 20
Stages of wastewater treatment (Urban) 21
Current Challenges ▶ Population continuous to increase, required to increase the current treatment plant capacity ▶ Blockage in sewage pipelines caused by fatberg 22
Wastewater Treatment in Rural Area ▶ Decentralized system ▶ Septic tanks with drainage system ▶ More advance systems such as BioDics and aeration tank also used, but they required electricity input ▶ Phase out of one stage septic tank system by 2020 23
Overview ▶ Introduction ▶ Driving force of public sanitation in the UK ▶ Wastewater Treatment in the UK ▶ Sustainable Development ▶ My prospective of Wastewater treatment in India ▶ Discussion 24
Sustainable Development In order to maintaince competitiveness, cooperation has paid lots of emphasis on their sustainable development: ▶ Economic performance ▶ Social ▶ Environmental 25
Reducing Environmental Footprint and OPEX Renewable energy from wastewater ▶ Biogas ▶ Heat and combined energy (HCP) ▶ Water Reuse to reduce water resource depletion Reduces energy consumption through improving the process efficiency 26
Social Aspect ▶ Provide easily assessable customer service ▶ Help most vulnerable customers and promotes ways for household and business to reduces their water bills. E.g. smart meter scheme ▶ Donate composts to local farmers ▶ Continues to upgrade their sewage network to meet the demand of growing population 27
Overview ▶ Introduction ▶ Driving force of public sanitation in the UK ▶ Wastewater treatment in the UK ▶ Sustainable development ▶ My prospective of wastewater treatment in India ▶ Discussion 28
My impression of Vijayawada and India 29
My Impression of Vijayawada 30
Current Wastewater Treatment in Vijayawada Decentralized systems for both rural and metro area ▶ Septic tank with open and closed drainage systems ▶ Open drains are poorly maintain ▶ Some of the manhole covers on the main street are missing ▶ Sometimes wastewater are being discharged without treatment ▶ 31
Municipal Waste-Self Sustain System in Tenali ▶ Solid waste treatment: manual collection, sorting and landfill. ▶ Waste Valorization through biogas and composting Current capacity: 60 metric tones Expansion projects under construction Self-sustained treatment facilities 32
Current waste management in Vijayawada Positive aspects: ▶ wastewater reuse for agriculture purposes ▶ Government provides funding for wastewater treatment system in rural area 33
Current waste management in Vijayawada Negative aspects : ▶ People dump rubbish directly into the River ▶ Wastewater discharges into the river with no/little treatment. E.g. public toilet ▶ Foul smells and poor sanitation due to open drainage and urination in public ▶ Poorly maintained public heath facilities 34
The Big Gap ▶ Drainage system need improvement ▶ Wastewater treatment appears to be lacking, saving can be made with centralized waste water system in metro area ▶ Lack of public awareness in sanitation ▶ Lack of innovation & imitative in wastewater treatment Due to increasing population and rapid urbanization These problems need to be addressed. 35
Capacity factor analysis framework Service/capacity 1. Institutional 2. Human Resources 3. 4. Technical Economic/Financial? 5. Energy Availability 6. Natural Resources 7. 8. Social/Culture 36
Conclusion I have presented some of the key technologies in wastewater treatment ▶ Present how wastewater treatment is done in the urban and rural area of UK ▶ Illustrated the huge different in public heath awareness between UK and ▶ Vijayawada Many rooms for improvement in wastewater treatment in Vijayawada ▶ 37
Thank you for listening 38
Discussion …any questions? 39
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