Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Institute of Operating Systems and Computer Networks Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference 2014 Julian Timpner, Mario Wozenilek, Lars Wolf, December 3, 2014

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Parking Search Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 2

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Parking Search Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 2

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Communication Challenges Objective Retrieve information from destination via ad-hoc communications Challenges Connections are intermittent Which nodes are present in the destination area? How to route the query to the destination? How to organize the response? How to route the response back? Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 3

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Communication Challenges Objective Retrieve information from destination via ad-hoc communications Challenges → DTN Connections are intermittent Which nodes are present in the destination area? How to route the query to the destination? How to organize the response? How to route the response back? Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 3

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Communication Challenges Objective Retrieve information from destination via ad-hoc communications Challenges → DTN Connections are intermittent → Geocast Which nodes are present in the destination area? → Geocast How to route the query to the destination? How to organize the response? How to route the response back? Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 3

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Communication Challenges Objective Retrieve information from destination via ad-hoc communications Challenges → DTN Connections are intermittent → Geocast Which nodes are present in the destination area? → Geocast How to route the query to the destination? → e.g., VITP How to organize the response? How to route the response back? Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 3

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Communication Challenges Objective Retrieve information from destination via ad-hoc communications Challenges → DTN Connections are intermittent → Geocast Which nodes are present in the destination area? → Geocast How to route the query to the destination? → e.g., VITP How to organize the response? → ? How to route the response back? Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 3

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Routing to Mobile Originator Originator Destination Area Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 4

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Routing to Mobile Originator Originator Destination Area Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 4

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Routing to Mobile Originator Originator Destination Area Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 4

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Breadcrumbs [“Wohlfahrtsmarke” 1961] “Hansel and Gretel”, published by The Brothers Grimm in 1812 Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 5

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Breadcrumb Geocast Routing (BGR) Breadcrumbs are based on “Floating Content” 1 approach Responses are redirected at breadcrumbs anchor point h anchor zone P r avail. threshold a 1 Ott et al. “Floating Content: Information Sharing in Urban Areas” (2011) Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 6

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion 1. Geocast Phase Originator initiates breadcrumbs Nodes forward messages according to used geocast strategy 2 Originator Destination Area 2 “GeoVanet: A Routing Protocol for Query Processing in Vehicular Networks” (2011) Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 7

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion 2. Response Phase Originator drops more breadrumbs, if necessary In the destination area, responding node is determined (VITP 3 ) Response is sent to first breadcrumb via geocast Originator Breadcrumb Area Node with breadcrumb Host with breadcrumb information information 3 Dikaiakos et al. “VITP : An Information Transfer Protocol for Vehicular Computing” Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 8

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion 3. Tracking Phase Receiving breadcrumbs redirect message to subsequent breadcrumb Response is delivered to query originator Breadcrumbs dissolve upon reception of response or Originator exceeded TTL Breadcrumb Area Node with breadcrumb Host with breadcrumb information information Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 9

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Breadcrumb Distribution n = 1: 1 < n < ∞ : n → ∞ : Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 10

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Scenarios San Francisco Area: 5 . 39 km 2 Roads: 108 . 78 km Nodes: 1850 Helsinki Area: 14 . 67 km 2 Roads: 119 . 2 km Nodes: 2000 Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 11

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Parameters and Metrics Parameters Metrics Breadcrumb size Network traffic Breadcrumb distance Delivery rate Hop count Delivery delay (Breadcrumb availability) Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 12

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Breadcrumb Size SF Helsinki 2500 100 2000 messages in network % answered requests 80 1500 60 1000 40 500 20 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 / 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 / / / / / / / 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 2 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1 1 2 2 3 3 anchor zone radius in meters anchor radius / avail. threshold in meters (Breadcrumb distance 100 m) ⇒ Minimum breadcrumb size r = 15 − 20 m (delivery rate) ⇒ Breadcrumb size should be as small as possible (traffic) Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 13

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Breadcrumb Distance breadcrumb distance: 70m 100m 140m 200m 300m 100 % answered requests 80 60 40 20 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 anchor zone radius in meters (Breadcrumb size 25 m) ⇒ Breadcrumb distance has minor impact ⇒ Breadcrumbs should be as close as possible, without overlapping Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 14

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Network Traffic SF Helsinki 35000 25024 30000 26197 25000 24150 23542 messages in network 20000 15000 10000 5000 1792 623 59 65 600 2 5 0 g R t c T g R t c T i i i i n G a m E n G a m E i W H i W H t B t B u e P u e P & & o d o d o o y i y i R p R R p R a a o E P o E P r r e e p p G G S S Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 15

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Delivery Rate SF Helsinki 100 % answered requests 80 60 40 20 0 g R t c T g R t c T i i i E i E n G a m n G a m H H i B W i B W t t e e u P u P & & o d o d o o R y i R R y i R p p a a o o E P E P r r e e p p G G S S Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 16

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Hop Count & Delay SF Helsinki SF Helsinki 40 1600 35 1400 30 1200 25 1000 seconds hops 20 800 15 600 10 400 5 200 0 0 g R t c T g R t c T g R t c T g R t c T n a i i E n a i i E n a i i E n a i i E G m G m G m G m i W H i W H i W H i W H t B t B t B t B u e u e u e u e & P & P & P & P o d o o d o o d o o d o R y i R R y i R R y i R R y i R p p p p o a P o a P o a P o a P r E r E r E r E e e e e p p p p G G G G S S S S Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 17

Motivation BGR Evaluation Conclusion Conclusion Breadcrumb Geocast Routing (BGR) Routing responses to moving originators Can be used on top of ex. geocast protocols Breadcrumb size is key parameter Low network traffic High delivery rates Breadcrumb Routing: Query-Response Geocast for Mobile Originators in Vehicular Networks Page 18