Birth to Five Matters Cheryl Fountain, Ed.D. Professor and Executive Director Florida Institute of Education University of North Florida = 1 FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION at the University of North Florida
Birth to Five Matters 2 Birth to Five Sets the Stage for Future Success or Failure 6 Year old Newborn 6 Year old Newborn br ain size proportionate Newborn neural networks compared to 6 year old brain. to networks of a 6 year old. Early experiences from Birth to Five profoundly affect children’s future learning, behavior, and health. Paul Lombroso. (1998). “Development of the cerebral cortex. VI. Growth Factors I.” Journal of = the American Academy of child and Adolescent Psychiatry 37(6): 674-675. 2 FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION at the University of North Florida
Birth to Five Matters 3 Differences in Early Experiences Result in “Readiness Gaps” between children of poverty and their more affluent peers. Cognitive Development Gap Social Skills Gap Median Social Skills of Entering Kindergarteners by Income Median Abilities of Entering Kindergarteners by Family Income -- M at h -- Ge ner al 45 • 00 t- - -d.: ..-!! ~ ,:::_ ________________ ----J L_ K _no_w_ l e_ d _ g _e ...J __ Lowest 20 o/, 4th Qui ntile Middle 20 o/, 2nd Quintile Highest 20 ¾ Lowest 20 ¾ 4th Quintile Middle 20 ¾ 2nd Quintile Highest 20 % Barnett, W. S. (2007). Original analysis of data from the US Department of Education, National Cent er for Educational Statistics, ECLS-K Base Year Data files and Electronic Codebook (2002) 3 FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION at the University of North Florida
Differences in Language Experiences Language Experiences Matter Greatly 40 million -o (3 Professional - 0 0 -ltlll''F'.-, r--T""T"T""T""T""T""1""T""T""T""T""lr--T""T"T""T""r-T""T""T"T""l""T""T..........,l""T""T"T""T"T"'T""T""l""T""T..........,l""T""T"T'""'1 0 12 24 36 48 Age of Child in Months Hart, B., & Risley, T. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children . Baltimore: Brookes. = 4 FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION at the University of North Florida
~ ~ Differences in Vocabulary Size Cumulative Vocabulary Words 1200 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,_ Professional ..... · / (/) 1000 .. "'C ,.._ .. .. / .... 800 .. Working-Class ~ ro ..... · :::, ..c ro ....... (.) 600 / - - - - - - - - - .. 7· - - Very Low SES Q) > :;:; .... · ro 400 :::, ........ E :::, .... (.) 200 .... ·•· .. .. .. .. .. .... 0 ~ - "II-,~ ::;..... ........ ..,......,-,-.,..........,.....,......,....,.....,..........,.....,......,....,.....,....,.-, 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 Age of Child in Months Hart, B., & Risley, T. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children . Baltimore: Brookes. = 5 FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION at the University of North Florida
Differences in Access to Books Books at Home and in Classroom Libraries Income Books at Home Books at School Middle Income 199 392 Low Income 2.6 54 Lowest Income 0.4 47 Smith, C., Constantino, R., & Krashen, S. (1997). “Differences in Print Environment: Children in Beverly Hills, Compton, and Watts.” Emergency Librarian, 24 (4), 8–9. = 6 FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION at the University of North Florida
Children Birth to 5: Learning Sponges • Children learn what they hear most frequently – Amount Matters • Children learn words for things and events that interest them – Experiences Matter • Interactive and responsive environments build language – Talking With, not at, Matters • Vocabulary and language development are reciprocal processes - Engaging in Frequent Conversations, Matters Source: Kathy Hirsh-Pasek. (2001). Language for reading: Lessons from the crib for the classroom. = 7 FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION at the University of North Florida
Birth to Five Matters 4 Children Who Start School Behind are UNLIKELY to Catch Up Children who enter kindergarten with limited readiness skills are more likely to develop reading difficulties and require remedial education. = 8 FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION at the University of North Florida
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ “Readiness Gaps” Often Turn Into “Achievement Gaps” If 50 third graders are poor readers, then 37 of them are still poor readers in ninth grade. Third Graders Ninth Graders Juel, Connie. (1988). Learning to read and write: A longitudinal study of 54 children from first through fourth grades. Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 80, 437-447. = 9 FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION at the University of North Florida
Conclusive Research Findings • Long term studies tracking outcomes for children receiving high-quality Early Childhood Education (ECE) • Overwhelming evidence showing strong positive impact of quality ECE Studies include: –Perry Preschool Project –Abecedarian Project –Barnett Study of Studies –Entwisle Socialization Study –Federal Reserve Economic Impact Analysis = 10 FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION at the University of North Florida
Return on Investment is High Dollars invested in quality ECE yield extraordinary public returns resulting in better working public schools, more educated workers, and less crime. Short Term Long Term Fewer retentions Higher rate of school completion Fewer special education referrals Preparedness for future labor force Increase in early education jobs Higher income and tax payments Employees spend wages, pay taxes Lower criminal justice and prison costs Centers purchase goods and services Fewer social welfare payments Art Rolnick and Rob Grunewald, Federal Reserve Bank = 11 FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION at the University of North Florida
Return on Investment is H igh 2 Schools can expect to save more than $11.00 per child for children who benefit from quality early learning experiences because these children are less likely to require special or remedial education. National Institute for Early Education Research, 2002. = 12 FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION at the University of North Florida
Return on Investment is H igh 3 The return to society for each dollar invested in quality early childhood programs range from $1.80 - $17.07 . Karoly, L. A., Kilburn, M. R., & Cannon, J. S. (2005). Early childhood interventions: Proven results, future promise. RAND Labor and Population, RAND Corporation . = 13 FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION at the University of North Florida
Birth to Five Matters 5 Investing in Quality ECE is Less Expensive than the Alternatives About 82% of all Americans in prison are high school dropouts. It costs about $20,000 a year to house a prisoner. In comparison, a year of high- quality preschool costs about $4,800 and has been shown to decrease the rate of arrests during the teenage years by 40%. The Committee for Economic Development, 1991. = 14 FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION at the University of North Florida
Birth to Five Matters 6 Investing in Quality Early Care and Education is a Wise I nvestment High-quality early childhood programs serving children Birth to Five can lead to improved child, school, and community outcomes. = 15 FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION at the University of North Florida
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