Biochemical security in a technologically evolving world: converging sciences, challenges and opportunities Jonathan E. Forman, PhD Science Policy Adviser and Secretary to the OPCW Scientific Advisory Board
Whic ich h Fiel ield d of of Sc Science ience Mat atter ers? s? Graphic from: Image Editor https://www.flickr.com/people/11304375@N07/
Can an Chemistr emistry y an and Bio iolo logy gy Be Separat parated? ed?
Can an Chemistr emistry y an and Bio iolo logy gy Be Separat parated? ed? Che hemicals! micals!
Can an Chemistr emistry y an and Bio iolo logy gy Be Separat parated? ed? Biology in the Chemical Weapons Convention The Defi finition nition of a Toxic ic Chemical cal Any chemical which through its ch chem emical ical acti ction on on on lif ife pr proces ocesse ses can cause death, temporary incapacitation or permanent harm to humans or animals. This includes all such chemicals, regardless of their origin or of their method of production, and regardless of whether they are Che hemicals! micals! produced in facilities, in munitions or elsewhere Chemical Weapons Convention Article II, Paragraph 2
Can an Chemistr emistry y an and Bio iolo logy gy Be Separat parated? ed? Biology in the Chemical Weapons Convention The Defi finition nition of a Toxic ic Chemical cal Any chemical which through its ch chem emical ical acti ction on on on lif ife pr proces ocesse ses can cause death, temporary incapacitation or permanent harm to humans or animals. This includes all such chemicals, regardless of their origin or of their method of production, and regardless of whether they are Che hemicals! micals! produced in facilities, in munitions or elsewhere Chemical Weapons Convention Article II, Paragraph 2
Treaty aty Im Implem lement entation ation The Chemica cal l Weapo pons ns Con onven vention tion Di Disarma mamen ment International nternational (Destruction struction and nd Coopera peration tion Verif ificatio ication) Non-pr prolif olifera eration tion Assista istance ce and nd (Verif rificatio ication) Pro rotec ection tion again inst st CWs
Treaty aty Im Implem lement entation ation The Chemica cal l Article icle XI (CW CWC) C) Weapo pons ns Con onven vention tion Article icle X (BWC) C) Di Disarma mamen ment International nternational (Destruction struction and nd Coopera peration tion Verif ificatio ication) Non-pr prolif olifera eration tion Assista istance ce and nd (Verif rificatio ication) Pro rotec ection tion again inst st CWs Verif ificatio ication: ~ 7,900 “inspector days” in 2016 Article icle X (CW CWC) C) (~3,000 000 fo for industr ustrial al inspe pecti ction ons) Article icle VII (BWC) C)
Chemi emical cal an and Bio iolo logi gical cal Weapons apons Threa reat t Spectrum pectrum Industr ustrial al Bioregulat gulators Geneti tical cally Classi sical al CW Toxins Traditi tion onal al BW Chem emical cals Pepti tide des s Modifi fied ed BW Mustar tard Toxic industrial, ustrial, Substance stance P Bot otulinum num Modifi fied ed/t /tai ailored red Bacter eria Nerve ve Agent ents pharmace rmaceutical utical Neuro rokin kinin n A Saxitoxin xin bacter eria a and Viruses ses Hydro roge gen n Cyanide de and agricultur cultural al Ricin viruses es Riketts ttsia Phosge gene ne Chem emical cals Anthrax hrax Emergi ging ng CW Plague gue Aero Ae rosols Tular arem emia “Chemicals” Agents ts of bio iologic logical al orig igin Poison isons In Infe fectious ctious Agents ts Chemi emical al Wea eapons pons Convent ntion ion (Articl icle e II) Biologi logical al and nd Toxin xin Weapon eapons s Conven ention tion (Article ticle I) Adopted from Graham S Pearson, ASA Newsletter, 90-1, February 1990 and Robert Mathews at TWG on Convergence.1 st Meeting 2011
“Rapid Advances in Science and Technology” ences) s) ces and sequence 1993 CWC Opened Grow rows by by for Signature ers ~15,0 ,000/da /day try Number stance istr CAS Regis cal substa CA emical (chemi
“Rapid Advances in Science and Technology” s) ences) ces and sequence http://127.0.0.1:8081/plosbiology/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002195 1993 CWC Opened Grow rows by by for Signature ers ~15,0 ,000/da /day try Number At current grow At owth h rate: genomic data will consu sume more bytes s than astronom omy, , Twitter er, and stance istr YouTube data combin ined CAS Regis cal substa CA emical (chemi
“Rapid Advances in Science and Technology” ences) s) ces and sequence http://127.0.0.1:8081/plosbiology/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002195 1993 CWC Opened Grow rows by by for Signature ers ~15,0 ,000/da /day try Number At At current grow owth h rate: genomic data will consu sume more bytes s than astronom omy, , Twitter er, and stance istr YouTube data combin ined CAS Regis cal substa CA emical (chemi International cooperation: This is good right? http://olihb.com/2014/08/11/map-of-scientific-collaboration-redux/
“Rapid Advances in Science and Technology” ences) s) ces and sequence http://127.0.0.1:8081/plosbiology/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002195 1993 CWC Opened Grow rows by by for Signature ers ~15,0 ,000/da /day try Number At At current grow owth h rate: genomic data will consu sume more bytes s than astronom omy, , Twitter er, and stance istr YouTube data combin ined CAS Regis cal substa CA emical (chemi International cooperation: This is good right? http://olihb.com/2014/08/11/map-of-scientific-collaboration-redux/
The Uncer certaint tainty y of of T Techn chnolo ological gical Change ange Unrec recogniza ognizable ble threa reats ts New productio roduction n met methods ods an and new toxic ic chemicals? emicals? New weap apon onisat isation ion capabi ca abilitie lities?
A Citation “Map” of Science 2015 Citations and Web of Science Categories Stephen Carley, et al DOI: 10.1515/jdis-2017-0015
www.opcw.org/fileadmin/OPCW/SAB/en/TWG_Scientific_Advsiory_Group_Final_Report.pdf
www.opcw.org/fileadmin/OPCW/SAB/en/TWG_Scientific_Advsiory_Group_Final_Report.pdf
Where ere Doe oes s This is In Inter ersec sect wit ith Pol olic icy? y?
Where ere Doe oes s This is In Inter ersec sect wit ith Pol olic icy? y?
Where ere Doe oes s This is In Inter ersec sect wit ith Pol olic icy? y?
Where ere Doe oes s This is In Inter ersec sect wit ith Pol olic icy? y?
Where ere Doe oes s This is In Inter ersec sect wit ith Pol olic icy? y?
In Industrial dustrial Biot iotechn echnol ology ogy: What at Doe oes s it it T Tak ake? e? http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2015/04/12/3-takeaways-from-my-recent-visit-to-amyris-inc.aspx
In Industrial dustrial Biot iotechn echnol ology ogy: What at Doe oes s it it T Tak ake? e? ? http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2015/04/12/3-takeaways-from-my-recent-visit-to-amyris-inc.aspx
Bio iolo logi gical cal Prod roduc uction tion of of The he Se Secu curity rity Di Dimension? nsion? “Classical” Chemical Agents? Anything is possible… bearing in mind that ch chemical cal agents nts are desig igned ned to h o harm bi biol olog ogica cal fu funct ction on
Opportunities for “New” Agents? Dialogues Clin Neurosci . 2014;16(4):525-537
Opportunities for “New” Agents? PLoS Biol (2015) 13,: e1002165. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002165 Dialogues Clin Neurosci . 2014;16(4):525-537
A Sa Sampli ling ng of Toxi xins ns
A Sa Sampli ling ng of Toxi xins ns
www.opcw.org/fileadmin/OPCW/SAB/en/TWG_Scientific_Advsiory_Group_Final_Report.pdf
13/19 /19 Reco comme mmendations ndations ar are “to continue monitoring” 4/1 /19 9 Reco comme mmendations ndations ar are to “engage” with stakeholders www.opcw.org/fileadmin/OPCW/SAB/en/TWG_Scientific_Advsiory_Group_Final_Report.pdf
13/19 /19 Reco comme mmendations ndations ar are “to continue monitoring” Conside dered further er in TWG on verific ication ation, Discussi ssions ons with States Parties 4/1 /19 9 Reco comme mmendations ndations ar are to “engage” with stakeholders www.opcw.org/fileadmin/OPCW/SAB/en/TWG_Scientific_Advsiory_Group_Final_Report.pdf
Ha Has s Anything hing Changed anged Since ince the SA SAB Repor port? t? Oil Price/Barrel (USD), 1946 – 20 October 2017
Has Ha s Anything hing Changed anged Since ince the SA SAB Repor port? t? Bioeconomic Initiatives 2007 - 2013 Less impact from oil? Oil process < $45/barrel: biobased cannot compete with petrochemical feedstocks Oil process > 65%/barrel: biobased processes become favorable for many commodity chemcials Oil Price/Barrel (USD), 1946 – 20 October 2017
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