Beyond r-process: The Cocoon emission in the early macronova in - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Beyond r-process: The Cocoon emission in the early macronova in GW170817 Hamid Hamidani, Kunihito Ioka, & Kenta Kiuchi 2019 年 5 月 22 日 ̶ 24 日 原子核物理でつむぐ r プロセス

Review Fernandez Metzger 2016 Numerical Relativity This study Late Observations

Jet propagation in an expanding ejecta • 1 HH+19 in prep

Motivation • Engine powered “Cocoon”: What EM counterparts/signature to be expected? Credit: Kasliwal+17

Tool I. Numerical Simulations β 2 r + β 2 log 10 ( ρ ) β = θ Velocity Density

Tool II. Analytic Modeling Ram Pressure Balance Gives: h j ρ j c 2 Γ 2 j β 2 j + P j = h e ρ e c 2 Γ e β 2 e + P e Jet head motion Cocoon ( E , M , < v >) Engine Ejecta β j � β e L 1 / 2 + β e L − 1 / 2 + β e ' ˜ β h = 1 + ˜

Tool II. Analytic Modeling dr h ( t ) n − 2 Static medium = Ar h ( t ) 2 dt + ( − β j � β e L 1 / 2 + β e v ej L − 1 / 2 + β e ' ˜ r m ( t ) ) r h ( t ) = Ar m ( t ) dr h ( t ) β h = 1 + ˜ 3 − n n − 2 2 r h ( t ) Expanding medium 2 dt ( m ,0 ) ( j M ej c ) r 3 − n m ,0 − r 3 − n 4 L j 0 A = (3 − n ) r 3 − n θ 2

I. Analytic Vs. Numerical Breakouts 3.0E+09 2.0E+09 v ej = 0.1 c v ej = 0.2 c 2.5E+09 1.5E+09 2.0E+09 r h ( t ) [cm] r h ( t ) [cm] 1.0E+09 1.5E+09 n=0 (A) n=0 (S) n=0 (A) n=0 (S) 1.0E+09 n=1 (A) n=1 (S) n=1 (A) n=1 (S) 5.0E+08 n=2 (A) n=2 (S) n=2 (A) n=2 (S) 5.0E+08 rm(t) rm(t) 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 t – t 0 [s] t – t 0 [s] HH+19 in prep

Results I: Engine parameters and jet dynamics 2 4 − n 4 − n v ej r m ,0 − r r m ,0 r m ,0 2 2 0 t b − t 0 = (4 − n ) A + − 4 − n v ej v ej r 2 m ,0 v b = A r b + v ej ( m ,0 ) ( M ej c ) r 3 − n m ,0 − r 3 − n 4 L iso ,0 0 A = (3 − n ) r 3 − n

Results I: Engine parameters and jet dynamics 1.E+54 v b ~ c Relativistic Breakout v b / v ej 1.E+53 ( I = o k a 2 N a k a m u r a 2 0 1 7 ) = 0.01s – t t 0 b 1.E+52 v b / v ej = 1.6 L iso,0 [erg s -1 ] = 0.1s – t t 1.E+51 0 b 1.E+50 t b – t 0 = 1s Engine Power 1.E+49 Engine collapse/activation time 1.E+48 0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000 t 0 – t m [s]

II. Application for GW170817’s Cocoon

Modeling The Cocoon Approximations/Assumptions: E in = L j ( t b − t 0 )(1 − 1/ c × R b /( t b − t 0 )) E in = 3 P c V c P c β ⊥ = ρ a ( r h ) c 2 E c = E in + E k , e E c , M c , & ⟨ β c ⟩ Gives:

Results I: GW170817’s Cocoon (preliminary) 1.E+54 v b ~ c Narrow Jet Relativistic ( # 0 =6.8º) Breakout 1.E+53 = 0.01s – t t GW170817 (VLBI) 0 b M 1.E+52 = 1.1 × 10 c GW170817: L iso,0 [erg s -1 ] - 4 M M c = 1.2 × 10 -4 M ⨀ < " c > energy = 0.29 ⨀ < " Delay = 1.7s > c e n e = 0.30 r g y = 0.1s – t t 1.E+51 0 b ~50% of sGRBs t b – t 0 ≲ Median( T 90 ) M c = 1.2 × 10 -4 M ⨀ < " c > energy = 0.27 1.E+50 t b – t 0 = 1s v b / v ej = 2 (Ioka Nakamura 2017) Delay ⩽ 1.7s M c = 1 . 1 × 1.E+49 1 0 -4 M ⨀ v < " c / Delay > 1.7s v b > energy = ej 1 . (Numerical relativity) = 6 0 . 2 for M ej ≳ 0.01 M ⨀ 7 1.E+48 0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000 t 0 – t m [s]

Results I: GW170817’s Cocoon (preliminary) 1.E+54 v b ~ c Wide Jet Relativistic ( # 0 =18.0º) Breakout 1.E+53 = 0.01s – t t GW170817 (VLBI) 0 b M = 4 × 10 1.E+52 c - 4 GW170817: L iso,0 [erg s -1 ] M ⨀ < " Delay = 1.7s > M c = 4.2 × 10 -4 M ⨀ < " c > energy = 0.34 c e n e r = 0.34 g y = 0.1s – t t 1.E+51 0 b ~50% of sGRBs t b – t 0 ≲ Median( T 90 ) M c = 4.2 × 10 -4 M ⨀ < " c > energy = 0.29 1.E+50 t b – t 0 = 1s v b / v ej = 2 (Ioka Nakamura 2017) Delay ⩽ 1.7s M c = 4 × 10 -4 M ⨀ < " c > energy = 0.29 1.E+49 v / Delay > 1.7s v b = ej 1 . (Numerical relativity) 6 for M ej ≳ 0.01 M ⨀ 1.E+48 0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000 t 0 – t m [s]

The EM Counterparts & The Cocoon

Photospheric Velocity (preliminary) 0.4 0.4 ! = 1 cm 2 g -1 # = 1 cm 2 g -1 ! = 0.3 – 3 cm 2 g -1 GW170817's Cocoon (VLBI) 0.3 Delay ≥ 1.7s v/c v/c GW170817's " 0 = 20º 0.3 < ! c > 0.2 " 0 = 9º " 0 = 3.4º " 0 = 1º 0.1 0.2 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 0.5 1 Time since GW170817 [day] Time since GW170817 [day]

EE, and Plateau Emission Kisaka+17

EE, and Plateau Emission Kisaka+17

The Different Cocoons (preliminary) 1E+44 1E+44 GW170817 [Kasliwal+17 & Drout+17] GW170817 GW170817 [Waxman+17] GW170817 [Waxman+17] R-process Emission [Kisaka+15] R-process [Kisaka+15] Prompt [1e51 erg/s × ~2s] Narrow Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] 1E+43 1E+43 Prompt [1e51 erg/s × ~2s] Wide Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] EE [1e49 erg/s × ~100s] Narrow Extended Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] EE [1e49 erg/s × ~100s] Wide L bl [erg s -1 ] L bl [erg s -1 ] Extended Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] Plateau [1e46 erg/s × ~1e4s] Narrow Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] 1E+42 1E+42 Plateau [1e46 erg/s × ~1e4s] Wide Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] 1E+41 1E+41 1E+40 1E+40 1E+39 1E+39 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Time since GW170817 [day] Time since GW170817 [day] HH+19 in prep

The Cocoon outshining R-process (preliminary) 13 13 -20 -20 J -Band J -Band 15 15 -18 -18 17 17 -16 -16 m AB (D=40Mpc) m AB (D=40Mpc) 19 19 -14 -14 M AB M AB 21 21 -12 -12 GW170817 GW170817 [Kasliwal+17 & Drout+17] R-process [Kisaka+15] R-process Emission [Kisaka+15] Prompt [1e51 erg/s × ~2s] Narrow 23 23 -10 -10 Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Prompt [1e51 erg/s × ~2s] Wide Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] EE [1e49 erg/s × ~100s] Narrow Extended Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] 25 25 -8 -8 EE [1e49 erg/s × ~100s] Wide Extended Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] Plateau [1e46 erg/s × ~1e4s] Narrow Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Plateau [1e46 erg/s × ~1e4s] Wide Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] 27 27 -6 -6 0 0 1 1 2 2 Time since GW170817 [day] Time since GW170817 [day] HH+19 in prep

The Cocoon outshining R-process (preliminary) 13 -20 13 -20 R -Band R -Band 15 -18 15 -18 17 -16 17 -16 m AB (D=40Mpc) m AB (D=40Mpc) 19 -14 19 -14 M AB M AB 21 21 -12 -12 GW170817 [Kasliwal+17 & Drout+17] GW170817 R-process Emission [Kisaka+15] R-process [Kisaka+15] 23 -10 23 -10 Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Prompt [1e51 erg/s × ~2s] Narrow Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] Prompt [1e51 erg/s × ~2s] Wide Extended Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] EE [1e49 erg/s × ~100s] Narrow 25 -8 25 -8 EE [1e49 erg/s × ~100s] Wide Extended Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] Plateau [1e46 erg/s × ~1e4s] Narrow Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Plateau [1e46 erg/s × ~1e4s] Wide Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] 27 -6 27 -6 0 1 2 0 1 2 Time since GW170817 [day] Time since GW170817 [day] HH+19 in prep

The Cocoon outshining R-process (preliminary) 13 13 -20 -20 U -Band U -Band 15 15 -18 -18 17 -16 17 -16 19 -14 19 -14 m AB (D=40Mpc) m AB (D=40Mpc) 21 -12 21 -12 M AB M AB 23 23 -10 -10 25 -8 25 -8 GW170817 [Kasliwal+17 & Drout+17] GW170817 R-process Emission [Kisaka+15] R-process [Kisaka+15] 27 Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] -6 27 Prompt [1e51 erg/s × ~2s] Narrow -6 Prompt [1e51 erg/s × ~2s] Wide Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] EE [1e49 erg/s × ~100s] Narrow Extended Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] 29 29 -4 -4 EE [1e49 erg/s × ~100s] Wide Extended Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] Plateau [1e46 erg/s × ~1e4s] Narrow Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] 31 -2 31 -2 Plateau [1e46 erg/s × ~1e4s] Wide Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] 0 0 1 1 2 2 Time since GW170817 [day] Time since GW170817 [day] HH+19 in prep

Temperature & Color (preliminary) 1.E+05 1.E+05 GW170817 [Kasliwal+17 & Drout+17] GW170817 Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Prompt [1e51 erg/s × ~2s] Narrow Prompt Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] Prompt [1e51 erg/s × ~2s] Wide EE [1e49 erg/s × ~100s] Narrow Extended Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] EE [1e49 erg/s × ~100s] Wide Extended Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] Plateau [1e46 erg/s × ~1e4s] Narrow T [K] Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Narrow Jet] Plateau [1e46 erg/s × ~1e4s] Wide T [K] Plateau Phase's Cocoon [Wide Jet] 1.E+04 1.E+04 1.E+03 1.E+03 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Time since GW170817 [day] Time since GW170817 [day] HH+19 in prep

The Prediction HH+19 in prep

Summary The Cocoon outshines r-process likely to have contaminated the early macronova in GW170817 Large Opening Angles for the central engine are excluded Prediction of A Bright Early Counterparts to peak and outshine r-process in the first a few hours (if powered by the EE/PL emission of the engine)